劳动合同对于进城务工人员收入影响的有效性分析

本文重点讨论了《劳动合同法》的颁布对于进城务工人员收入的影响,我们用博弈论模型证明了签订劳动合同可以提高务工人员的收入,并且在一定条件下企业也可以通过生产率的上升而获利,实现双赢。从统计上看,签订合同的工人月收入高出347.19元,小时收入高出2.16元,OLS回归结果也发现合同对于收入有显著的正影响。但同时我们注意到有合同的劳动者本身有着更好的素质,Probit和Logit模型都验证了这一点,基于这种可能的内生性偏误,我们使用了处置效应来控制这一问题,并发现签订合同依旧显著提高了收入,估计月收入提高14.0%—14.9%,小时收入提高18.2%—21.5%。     

劳动力全球化视角下的中国国际竞争力变化——来自亚洲新兴国家的比较

本文从劳动力全球化视角,根据相对劳动成本平价模型,以美国为比较基准,选择东亚4国和印度为比较对象,对1991—2008年的6国相对劳动平价、实际汇率变动和相对劳动成本变动做了系列研究。研究表明,就全时期而言,中国的实际汇率与基期相比已处于升值状态,而其他发展中国家贬值程度扩大;分时期看,在东南亚金融危机前,中国具有相对劳动成本优势。东南亚金融危机后,劳动成本优势持续下降。本次金融危机后,国际竞争力继续恶化。根据研究结果,认为人民币不具升值空间,保持汇率稳定是当前的最优策略。     

The organizational evolution of innovative activity in the US semiconductor industry: Technological specialization and diversification

This article analyzes the organizational evolution of innovative activity in the contemporary high-tech industry. It has been argued that by showing illuminating examples and proposing theoretical explanations, the innovation process has been fragmented and distributed among several organizations. In other words, ‘division of innovative labor’ emerges. However, one of the problems of this argument lies in its lack of systematic empirical analysis. Using the United States Patent and Trademark Office patent database, this article analyzes the organization of innovative activity in the US semiconductor industry. It is shown that ‘technological specialization’ has not occurred in this industry as a whole. In addition, it is also shown that there are two distinct modes of development of technology, namely, ‘specialized development of technology’ and ‘diversified development of technology’, in which the share of the latter has been steadily increasing. These results imply that contrary to the earlier conventional arguments, division of labor is not a common phenomenon in the production of technological knowledge.     

Sex Differentials in Earnings in the South Korean Labor Market

We examine gender differences in earnings among South Korean workers in 1988 – the year the South Korean National Assembly enacted the Equal Employment Opportunity Act. Using the "88 Occupational Wage Bargaining Survey on the Actual Condition," we calculate women's mean earnings as a percentage of men's mean earnings by major industrial category and educational attainment. We find a larger wage gap among clerical and sales workers than production workers or professionals. Generally, the more education a woman has, the smaller the gap between her earnings and those of her male counterparts. Women with a middle-school education have a mean income 53.5 percent that of comparable men, while the female-to-male wage ratio among college graduates is 76.1 percent. We analyze wage differences separately for women and men. Following Ronald Oaxaca's (1973) work, we decompose male–female wage differentials. We also calculate a discrimination coefficient. Our work shows that, all else equal, men earn from 33.6 percent to 46.9 percent more than women with comparable skills. We attribute the difference to gender discrimination.     

Culture and the Labor Market

This paper explores the relationship between culture and labor market behavior. An attempt is made to clarify, from an economic perspective, the meaning of culture; to discuss the importance of cultural studies in the economic analysis of the labor market; and to outline the major theoretical issues that are associated with adopting a cultural perspective on economic behavior in the labor market.     

J. S. Mill on Wages and Women: A Feminist Critique

"J. S. Mill on Wages and Women" questions the common belief that Mill, despite his feminism, never suggested an end to the sexual division of labor because of his devotion to the concept of efficiency and other tenets of classical economics. A review of Mill's analysis of a competitive labor market indicates that he believed it to be fully consistent with women's equality in the workforce. In fact, in his works on women, it becomes clear that Mill was concerned that the logical extension of classical economic principles might lead to the commodification of domestic duties, including child rearing, a notion he evidently feared. Therefore, it was Mill's fear of, rather than dedication to, extreme allegiance to efficiency and unimpeded capitalism that limited his feminism.     

Race,Gender and Regional Labor Market Inequalities in Brazil

This study investigates the relationship between unequal regional development and racial and gender wage inequality in Brazil. Using sample data from the 1991 Brazilian census, I estimated monthly wages for a white, brown and black women and men working in the states of S"o Paulo and Bahia. The findings suggest that while women and Afro-Brazilians in Brazil's most developed region of S"o Paulo had the advantages of higher levels of state sponsored work benefits and more equitable occupational and wage distribution, they nevertheless experienced the greatest discrimination. In contrast, the less developed state of Bahia where racial and gender gaps in education, occupation and wages were the most severe, wage discrimination was lowest.     

试析劳动者合法权益保护存在缺陷及解决方案——以《劳动合同法》的理论上的精确解读为视角

劳动者权益保护的问题既是重要法律问题,也是重要社会问题。当前,现行《劳动合同法》劳动者权益保护存在缺陷,企业裁员对劳动者权益损害严重,过渡条款适用对劳动者产生不利影响。完善《劳动合同法》对劳动者合法权益保护,应重视农民工权益的保护,提高裁员后对劳动者的经济补偿水平,加强对过渡条款适用范围限制,从劳动合同签订的主体入手,加强其法律意识,从根本上解决法律缺陷对劳动者权益带来损害。     

体面劳动问题研究的新进展与未来研究展望

全球化加剧了劳资关系的不平衡状态,强资本弱劳工的局面得以维护并日益加强,资方为追求利益最大化而忽视劳动者利益的事情屡屡发生。随着转型时期经济社会改革的深入推进,劳资关系问题也越来越引起人们的关注并成为社会的焦点问题之一,全面实现体面劳动成为各级政府的重要方针,企业、各类劳动组织以及劳动者都对实现体面劳动发出了强烈的呼声。金融危机后体面劳动研究有了新进展,未来体面劳动问题研究也大有可为。     

国际垂直专业化对劳动力就业结构的影响——基于中国工业行业数据的实证检验

国际垂直专业化对参与国的劳动力就业结构产生了重要影响。本文考察了国际垂直专业化总体、不同伙伴国、不同技术密集度的行业对中国劳动力就业结构的影响,研究结果表明,国际垂直专业化增加了高技能劳动力的相对就业,但是这种效应不显著;承接OECD国家的生产环节转移促进高技能劳动力的相对就业,承接非OECD国家的生产环节转移降低高技能劳动力的相对就业;不同技术密集度的工业部门参与国际垂直专业化对劳动力就业结构存在“部门偏倚”效应,承接高技术密集型行业的生产环节转移显著促进高技能劳动力的相对就业,承接低技术密集型行业的生产环节转移降低高技能劳动力的相对就业,但是这种效应不显著。