Addressing the growth failure of the oil economies: The role of financial development

The oil exporting countries have experienced a relatively continuous fall in GDP per capita over the last 30 years. This is in spite of benefiting from a more than average of the rest of the world investment rate. The findings of this paper, report a lower level of financial development for the oil economies when compared with the rest of the world. We will show in this paper that the higher rate of investment of the oil economies can be explained mainly by the oil revenues and surprisingly, financial development has a net dampening effect on investment for these economies. The paper also shows that the weakness of financial institutions, contributes to the poor performance of economic growth of the oil economies and the weakness of financial institutions might be associated with the dominant role of government in total investment and the weakness of private sector.     

积分循环赛在学校篮球竞赛中的应用研究

为了在学校篮球竞赛中引入积分循环赛，文章针对棋类积分编排存在的三个方面问题，通过采用每轮比赛排名作为配对排序的条件，并对棋类积分编排方法进行了一定的简化移植，经过多次试验性编排，运用电子表格技术设计出了一整套篮球积分编排方法。这种方法可实际运用于篮球积分循环赛的手工编排，并能为实现计算机篮球积分编排提供理论依据。     

Research on the Present Situation and Countermeasure of the Development of Chinese Architectural Industry

Along with the development of Chinese social economy and the innovation of government policy, Chinese Architectural Industry is playing a more and more vital role in the entire national economy. This paper first abstracts the connotation and basic characteristic of the Architectural Industry, then discusses the present situation of the development of Chinese Architectural Industry and carries on the analysis on the entire construction industry. Finally discusses the development tendency of Chinese architectural industry, and put forward the corresponding policy proposals to its developmental strategy.     

上海石化加速乙烯发展的战略分析

入世以后上海石化面临的竞争日趋激烈，合资的乙烯装置凭借其规模大，技术先进的优势对上海石化构成竞争态势，上海石化须集中资金、发展乙烯、从而带动乙烯及其乙烯下游产品的发展，扩大规模，提高经济效益，使上海石化的实力迅速增强。     

中国城市化有关问题初探

城市化问题是当代社会经济发展的重大问题，是涉及到自然资源的合理开发利用，农村人口转化、剩余劳动力的走向以及城市工业、第三产业发展的关键问题。     

A Cross‐national Comparison of R&D Expenditure Decisions: Tax Incentives and Financial Constraints*

We provide evidence on the impact of tax incentives and financial constraints on corporate R&D expenditure decisions. We contribute to extant research by comparing R&D expenditures in the United States and Canada, thereby exploiting the differences in the two countries' R&D tax credit mechanisms and generally accepted accounting principles. The two tax incentive mechanism designs are consistent with differing views of the degree of financial constraints faced by firms in these economies. Our sample also allows us to explore the effects of capitalizing R&D on Canadian firms. Employing a matched design, we document relations between tax credit incentives and R&D spending consistent with both Canadian and U.S. public companies responding as though they are not financially constrained. We estimate that the Canadian credit system induces, on average, $1.30 of additional R&D spending per dollar of taxes forgone while the U.S. system induces, on average, $2.96 of additional spending. We also find that firms that capitalize R&D costs in Canada spend, on average, 18 percent more on R&D. Collectively, this evidence is important to the ongoing debates in both countries concerning the appropriate design of incentives for R&D and is consistent with the assumptions found in the U.S. tax credit system, but not those found in the Canadian system.     

论洪江古商城的保护与开发

洪江古商城县有独特的文化价值,是一部明清至民国的历史百科全书.其保护与开发,从对立走向统一,需要在认识与实践中创造,即坚持科学发展观,实现社会效益与经济效益的一致性,促进社会文明、生态文明、政治文明进步,促进经济社会发展.在此基础上,使保护与开发走上良性发展之路.     

邓小平发展观的基本特征

邓小平发展观是邓小平理论的核心内容之一.邓小平发展现,体现了视野的全球性、内涵的丰富性、体系的创新性、思维的辩证性、取向的人民性等基本特征.邓小平发展观是与时代和国情相适应的社会主义发展观,是科学发展观确立的思想基础.     

Research on impacts of international textile trade development on Chinese textile trade and countermeasure s

Under the international textile trade development condition, the author analyzes the international textile trade market and the situation of Chinese textile trade after China entry into WTO, reveals the influence of the world textile trade development on Chinese textile trade, and proposes a series