Comparison of fruit and vegetable consumption among Native and non‐Native American populations in rural communities

Fruit and vegetable consumption of Native Americans was compared with that of non‐Native Americans and determinants of fruit and vegetable intake for both populations were found based upon the Theory of Planned Behavior. A one‐time survey was conducted as part of a larger research project funded by the South Dakota Department of Health. The survey was administered in local grocery stores and supermarkets in six South Dakota communities, including two located on Native American reservations. Of the 1000 distributed surveys, 499 were returned with 230 being usable, resulting in a response rate of 49.9%. Wilcoxon signed‐rank test and two regression models were tested using SAS 9.2 software. Dependent variables were fruit and vegetable intake. Attitudes towards health, fruit and vegetable consumption, perceived difficulty, subjective norm and intention were also measured. Community size, family income, employment status and participation in food assistance programmes [Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program or Women, Infants, and Children (SNAP or WIC)] were socio‐demographic control variables. Overall, Native American participants consumed more fruit and vegetables at home and had a more positive attitude towards healthy diets than non‐Native American participants. SNAP or WIC participation, family health, exercise, intention to live healthier than parents, buying healthy food, and fruit and vegetable consumption when eating out were positively associated with fruit and vegetable consumption among Native Americans, while participation in the SNAP or WIC programme had a negative influence on consumption among non‐Native American participants. Family health, exercise, buying healthy food, fruit and vegetable when eating out, and intention to buy healthy food were positively associated with fruit and vegetable consumption among the non‐Native American population. Theory of Planned Behavior variables (e.g. attitude towards healthy food) significantly contributed to the model explaining fruit and vegetable consumption. The fact that SNAP and WIC participation had an opposite influence on the two populations warrants further research.     

提高“两课”教育教学实效的策略性思考

高校"两课"教育是思想政治教育的主阵地。专业基础、实践技能是高校教学的主体内容,两者是耦合的关系。"两课"以专业技能为现实落点,突出通识部分,其他分类融合渗透到专业知识结构体系中,切实提高"两课"实效。     

Policy in motion: reassembling carbon pricing policy development in the personal transport sector in British Columbia

British Columbia’s carbon tax is an example of a relatively systemic climate pricing policy in the North American transport sector. This research uses Actor-Network Theory to retrace and reassemble the development of the tax from inception to implementation. From the fieldwork, six stages of the policy development process emerged, beginning with the surfacing of the concept of tax shifting in 1998 to the implementation of a carbon tax in 2008. This article explores how British Columbia’s experience aligns with lessons from the carbon taxation literature relating to a range of themes including education, leadership, timing, administration, taxation level, revenue allocation and communication.     

中国制造业贸易的要素含量研究

本文应用贸易要素含量的研究方法,系统分析了1992-2002年中国的制造业贸易。研究发现,中国是低级技能劳动要素的丰裕国家,是资本和高级技能劳动要素的稀缺国家。相较于资本,中国更缺人才。不同产业部门之间,各类劳动要素分布存在巨大差异。10年间,中国所有要素禀赋都有较大改善,技术进步、贸易政策和存量积累三个因素对比较优势的变迁施加了不同的影响。其中,贸易结构日益向着密集出口低级技能劳动要素,同时更加依赖进口高级技能劳动要素和资本要素的方向演变,值得密切关注。     

企业家背景特征对企业国际化战略选择的影响研究——来自中国上市公司国际化的证据

文章采用高价理论研究视角,选取沪深上市公司2003～2007年的数据作为研究样本,实证检验了企业家背景特征对企业国际化战略选择的影响。研究结果揭示:(1)企业家年龄对国际化战略选择的影响呈现复杂的U型曲线关系;(2)企业家受教育程度对企业国际化战略选择的负面影响非常显著;(3)企业家教育专业、职业背景与企业国际化程度显著正相关。鉴于中国企业家所处独特的文化与制度环境,文章也对实证结果作了讨论与解释。     

基于国内背包客旅游动机的营销策略研究：以黄山为例

背包客作为现代时尚而富于个性化的旅游消费群体,其自助、经济、灵活、便利的自由行方式得到越来越多业界和学界的关注,近年来呈现积极的发展态势。本文基于推拉理论的视角,对黄山国内背包客的旅游动机进行了实地调研,发现影响背包客出游的推力因子主要有社交结友、自我价值、求新求奇和休闲放松,影响其出游的拉力因子主要有旅游费用经济、地域文化特色和旅游地形象,进而为促进背包客市场良性循环和理性发展提出适宜的营销策略。     

The impacts of country characteristics upon the value of information technology as measured by productive efficiency

Based on the theory of production, this paper investigates information technology (IT) contribution at a country level by linking it to the complementarity/substitutability phenomena created by the joint presence of IT and the five selected national characteristics. It negates the relationship between IT value and productivity based on a comprehensive panel data set from 25 countries over the period 1997-2006, when the individual analytical method is applied and productive efficiency is used as the performance criterion. The IT productivity paradox is re-examined under the one-equation stochastic frontier production model, while the influence of the five national characteristics is tested under the two-equation stochastic frontier production model. The findings include the following: (i) The IT productivity paradox occurs in not only middle-income (developing) countries but also high-income (developed) countries. (ii) Eastern European countries gain more productive efficiency than the G7 countries when IT is considered as a production factor. (iii) Different national characteristics have impacts on a country's output and productive efficiency. (iv) The chosen national characteristics present both complementarity and substitutability phenomena in association with IT investment, however, the joint presence of national savings and IT creates the substitutability phenomenon across different frontiers. (v) In linking cross-country differences in the IT investments to stages of economic development, our complimentary qualitative analysis tends to conclude that the investments in IT in the advanced developed countries (e.g., G7) and some of the newly developed or emerging economies are likely needed to keep the pace with other competitors and maintain their status of economic development; and the IT investments in the Eastern European countries are necessary to reach the competitive level as well as to raise their economic-development level. (vi) An important policy implication is that policy makers must carefully utilize national characteristics while formulating IT investment strategies.     

兰渝铁路沿线经济带构建研究

兰渝铁路北起兰州,南至重庆,沿途经过甘肃、四川、重庆,铁路总长823.84km,是一条南北向交通大动脉。兰渝铁路的建成通车将极大地改善沿线地区交通条件,构建兰渝铁路经济带是促进当地经济发展的有效途径之一。基于点-轴开发理论,在分析兰渝铁路沿线经济带构建的作用以及沿线14个主要县级区域(含县和县级市)和省辖市市区概况及存在问题的基础上,提出构建兰渝铁路沿线经济带的对策。     

基于波特钻石理论的秦皇岛市旅游业竞争优势分析

迈克尔.波特教授提出的"钻石理论"是竞争力分析的有力工具,根据"钻石理论",从生产要素、需求条件、相关支持产业和建筑企业的竞争状况等四方面深入分析了秦皇岛市旅游业的竞争优势,上述竞争优势将为做大做强秦皇岛市旅游业提供良好的平台。