危机与重塑：1997～2010金融体系国际竞争力

在经济规模增长和经济实力增强的同时,中国开始寻求在国际金融体系中更大的话语权。本文利用国际管理发展学院（IMD）公布的1997年至2010年国际竞争力数据,对全球主要经济体十余年来金融体系国际竞争力的动态变化,特别是2008年金融危机带来的竞争力衰退展开分析。研究表明,中国金融体系国际竞争力处于全球中等水平,在2006～2007年达到最好状态,随后受金融危机影响出现衰退,但情况好于发达国家,近10余年来金融体系硬实力较软实力有更大的提升。中国金融体系未来发展仍需在竞争软实力上着力,以金融创新推动竞争力提升     

日本的房地产税收制度与调控效应及其启示

本文回顾描述了日本土地财税制度的建立与调整过程,重点分析了20世纪80年代以来日本经济发展过程中土地税收政策的运用调整及其效应。在我国当前房地产市场发展面临诸多问题与争议的情况下,日本在房地产税收方面的历史经验与教训,对于我国改革完善房地产税收制度和运用税收政策调控房地产市场具有较好的借鉴意义。     

基于ABM和BSC的绩效管理体系重构

近年来,在企业全球化的大环境下,全球各产业的竞争日趋激烈,这种变化迫使企业重新审视其经营目标、发展战略以及绩效评价体系。文章在简要的阐述BSC和ABM机理的基础上,提出了基于BSC和ABM的企业绩效管理体系的构架,并对其构架步骤展开了分析。     

体育科学与体育科学体系新论

依据《辞海》中科学的概念,结合体育科学的性质和特点,重新定义了体育科学的概念。指出了体育学院通用教材体育概论中体育科学体系分类的不合理之处,提出了新的体育科学体系分类。     

高等院校预算管理的思考

围绕高校预算管理中存在的实际问题,从高校预算管理目标与财务管理目标的混淆、高校绩效考核的误区以及高校管理会计体系的缺失三个方面进行较为细致的分析,并提出了相应的建议。     

论税收对要素收入分配的影响

我国自1994年分税制改革以来,一方面税收收入保持高速增长,另一方面国民收入分配格局发生显著变化——劳动要素分配份额迅速下滑,资本要素分配份额逐渐上升。本文的理论分析表明,税收通过替代效应和收入效应影响要素收入分配,前者改变了生产中要素相对投入比例,从而改变了税前要素收益率,后者则是通过直接税影响到税后要素收益率。本文利用系统GMM估计进行的实证分析表明,我国税收对要素收入分配具有明显影响:就直接税而言,企业所得税降低了资本分配份额,个人所得税中对劳动征税部分降低了劳动分配份额;就间接税而言,增值税明显降低劳动分配份额但对资本分配份额的影响不明显,营业税明显降低资本分配份额而对劳动分配份额的影响不明显。因此,如果从有利于调整要素收入分配格局角度考虑,我国有必要进一步调整现行税收政策、完善税收制度。     

The economic and environmental performances of rural districts in Italy: Are competitiveness and sustainability compatible targets?

This paper analyses the economic performances of the rural system and the level of land sensitivity to degradation in Italy. Three indicators (district value added, share of agriculture on total product, and a composite index of land sensitivity) were used to classify 784 Italian local districts into eight performance classes. Four classes share a combination of high environmental quality (in terms of land degradation), high (or low) economic performances, and high (or low) productivity of the primary sector. The remaining four are characterised by a combination of low (and declining) environmental quality, high (or low) economic performances, and high (or low) productivity of the primary sector. The eight classes were grouped into four ‘environmental quality’ types and four ‘target performance’ categories to discriminate among high- and low-performance districts by considering twelve additional variables within a Discriminant Function Analysis (DFA). 148 high environmental performance districts (18% of total) were identified mainly across the Alps and Apennine while 314 districts (41%) were classified in the lowest performance class and concentrated in flat areas of southern Italy. The districts with high environmental performances were characterised, on average, by medium to low district value added, moderately low economic weight of the primary sector, and tourism specialisation. Districts with high economic performances and low environmental performances were characterised by high sensitivity to LD, low district value added, high share of agriculture in total product, and the lowest productivity of labour in all economic sectors. In these districts the risk of entering a downward spiral of rural poverty and environmental degradation is potentially high.     

A choice experiment on fuel taxation and earmarking in Norway

Pigouvian taxes are efficient — but unpopular among voters — and hence often politically infeasible. Earmarking of revenues has been widely reported to increase public support for taxes, but earmarking is generally not the most efficient use of the revenues. This trade-off between efficiency and political feasibility is the motivation for our primary research objective: to quantify the effect of earmarking on support for fuel tax rises. Our secondary research objective is to investigate why earmarking increases support. Using data from a representative sample of the Norwegian voter population (N = 1147), we estimate models of voter preferences for fuel taxes using logistic regression models. Our results show that, in the absence of earmarking, the majority of voters would like to reduce fuel taxes, but earmarking the revenues for environmental measures has a substantial effect on voter support for fuel tax increases, garnering a majority for increases of up to 15% above present levels. Further analysis indicates that a prime reason why earmarking for environmental measures is popular is that it increases the perceived environmental effectiveness of the tax, and hence its legitimacy as an environmental rather than a fiscal policy instrument.     

我国财政分权体制下农民工公共服务权利的缺失

农民工权利的保证包括诸多方面,其中很重要的一个方面就是其社会保障和公共服务权利的获得。社会保障和公共服务的提供主要依靠政府,但目前我国财政分权体制的现状导致中央和地方政府的权责存在一定程度的不一致性,地方政府在为农民工提供社会保障和公共服务上缺乏主动性、积极性。本文对此进行了分析并提出相应的政策建议。