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931.
Yanhong H. Jin David Zilberman Amir Heiman 《American journal of agricultural economics》2008,90(2):463-475
Assuming that brands contribute to quality risk reduction, prestige, and design, we derive and test hypothesis on the willingness to pay (WTP) for brands across different product categories (electronics, clothing, packaged food, and fresh produce). Using the random effect tobit model on the stated point value of WTP and the ordered probit model on the stated range of WTP, we find that WTP for brands of fresh produce is least among the four product categories controlling for relevant demographic variations. Simulations show that fresh produce has a higher optimal price premium for brands but with a much smaller market share. 相似文献
932.
商业FDI对本土制造业:溢出还是挤出——基于中国省级面板数据的实证研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文利用我国29个省市2003-2008年的面板数据,实证研究了商业FDI对我国本土制造业的影响。在对外资商业影响本土制造业的路径进行理论分析的基础上,构建了两类指标反映外资商业的不同影响渠道,并按地区类别进行分组检验,考察了本土企业的吸收能力和内资企业的技术差距对溢出效果的影响。结果表明,外资商业对我国本土制造业的影响具有明显的地区差异,通过对本土商业企业的竞争示范效应促进了东、中部地区制造业的发展,对西部地区当地制造业发展的影响则主要是通过人员流动效应实现的;实证结果还表明,企业的吸收能力越强,技术差距越小,越有利于外资商业正向作用的发挥。 相似文献
933.
BRIAN DOLLERY 《Economic Papers: A journal of applied economics and policy》2006,25(4):358-361
Murray and Dollery (2005) developed a statistical model that sought to determine whether the key performance indicators (KPIs) published by the NSW Department of Local Government (DLG) could adequately predict the ‘at risk’ status of local councils that had partly been assigned to councils on the basis of these KPIs. Walker and Jones (2006) contend that Murray and Dollery (2005) were (i) attacking a ‘straw man’ by erroneously misinterpreting DLG procedures and (ii) their model exhibited various econometric problems. In addition, Walker and Jones (2006) developed an alternative model that defined municipal sustainability as the ability to maintain service provision at pre‐existing levels. This Rejoinder addresses the criticisms raised by Walker and Jones (2006) and assesses their alternative model. It is argued that such a concept is more relevant to the public sector than conventional ‘financial distress’ prediction models. The estimates provided by NSW local councils of the cost of upgrading infrastructure to a satisfactory condition were used as a proxy for levels of distress. Independent variables were selected from a range of KPIs published by the DLG. While MD found that most of the DLG performance indicators were not statistically significant in their model (and therefore not useful discriminators of council distress), this study reaches different conclusions using a different selection of indicators, and a distress variable construct more appropriately linked to service delivery. 相似文献
934.
In this paper we derive an expression for the local volatility of an underlying asset, given the prices of liquid European call options under the Piterbarg framework. The Piterbarg framework is a multi-curve derivative pricing model which extends the well known Black–Scholes–Merton model by relaxing the assumption of a risk-free interest rate, and includes collateral payments. The expressions for the local volatility is a function of the option price surface, and is then transformed to become a function of the implied volatility surface. 相似文献
935.
In this paper we study the effect of local network externalities on the societal adoption of competing technologies. Three cases are examined: single non-sponsored technology, single sponsored technology, and two non-sponsored technologies. The efficiency and predictability of the technology adoption process for each case is investigated. We demonstrate non-predictability for single technology case and efficiency for the two technology case. We show the firm sponsoring a technology may choose a strategy that leads to the extinction of the technology. 相似文献
936.
This paper examines the time-profile of the impact of systemic banking crises on GDP and industrial production using a panel of 24 countries over the inter-war period and compares this to the post-war experience of these countries. We show that banking crises have effects that induce medium-term adjustments on economies. Focussing on an eight-year horizon, it is clear that the negative effects of systemic banking crises last over the entirety of this time-horizon. The effect has been identified for GDP and industrial production. The adverse effect on the industrial sector stands out as being substantially larger in magnitude relative to the macroeconomic effect. Comparing the results across long-run historical periods for the same selection of countries and variables identifies some differences that stand out: the short term macroeconomic impact effects are much larger in the post-war period, suggesting that the propagation channels of shocks operate at a faster pace in the more recent period. Moreover, the time-profile of effects differs, suggesting that modern policies may be modulating the temporal shape of the response to banking crises shocks. However, the broad magnitude of the adverse effect of banking crises remains comparable across these time periods. 相似文献
937.
《Food Policy》2013
This study uses life cycle assessment methodology to quantify the energy use, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and water use of processed tomato products grown, processed, and consumed within the Great Lakes region of the United States, and tomato products produced in California and then shipped to the Great Lakes region for consumption. The purpose is to assess the potential for regional food systems to reduce selected environmental impacts, particularly the energy and GHG footprints, of consumer-ready, processed food products, when compared to national-scale food systems in which consumer products are shipped long distances. The study also examines the role of different types of food processing in influencing life cycle energy use, water use, and emissions.Our results indicate that California-produced conventional and organic tomato paste and canned diced tomatoes are almost equivalent in energy use and GHG emissions to regionally produced and consumed products, but use of developed water resources is significantly higher for California-grown products. California tomato production benefits from higher per hectare yields and soil amendments with lower carbon dioxide emissions. These efficiencies substantially offset the added energy use and GHG emissions associated with long-distance shipment of products to the Great Lakes region, as long as shipments are made by rail rather than by truck. Paste, the more processed and concentrated product evaluated, amplifies any environmental advantages or disadvantages accrued in the field production stage, due to its raw tomato to finished product ratio of 6:1, suggesting that comparative regional advantage can play a role in lowering life cycle environmental impacts of highly condensed foods shipped long distances. 相似文献
938.
我国FDI区位选择中的“第三方效应”——基于空间面板数据的实证研究 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
本文在国内外FDI区位选择理论的基础上,针对现有研究忽视第三方效应的不足,首次利用空间计量方法对我国FDI区位选择中的第三方效应进行了实证检验。分析结果表明,引入第三方效应后,不仅能够较好地反映我国FDI的省际分布特征,而且很好地解释了我国各地区现阶段FDI的战略投资行为。这不仅是对FDI区位理论的有益扩展,对我国特别是中西部地区政府的招商引资策略,更是有着深刻的启示意义。 相似文献
939.
An analogue can be made between: (a) the slow pace at which species adapt to an environment, which often results in the emergence of a new distinct species out of a once homogeneous genetic pool and (b) the slow changes that take place over time within a fund, mutating its investment style. A fund’s track record provides a sort of genetic marker, which we can use to identify mutations. This has motivated our use of a biometric procedure to detect the emergence of a new investment style within a fund’s track record. In doing so, we answer the question: What is the probability that a particular PM’s performance is departing from the reference distribution used to allocate her capital? The EF3M algorithm, inspired by evolutionary biology, may help detect early stages of an evolutionary divergence in an investment style and trigger a decision to review a fund’s capital allocation. 相似文献
940.
The level of revenues pocketed by a government during the fiscal year often deviates from that projected by this government
in its budget. Despite a flourishing literature on, for example, the technical or procedural determinants of such forecast
errors, little is yet known about how political stratagems may affect forecast errors. In the present paper, we analyse whether
differences in the level of government fragmentation are useful in explaining local government tax revenue forecast errors—controlling
for various other factors. Using data on 242 Flemish municipalities for the period 1992–2002, we find that two-party governments
are more optimistic than single-party governments. In contrast to our initial expectations, governments with at least three
parties are significantly more careful (or less optimistic) in their revenue projections than single- or two-party governments.
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