Stick,Carrot and Skill Acquisition*

We evaluate the impact of specially designed youth unemployment programmes (YUPs), intended to provide young unemployed unskilled workers with skills. If unemployment among skilled workers is lower than among unskilled workers, YUPs imply that unemployment falls. However, YUPs potentially crowd out ordinary training. We set up an equilibrium matching model with endogenous skill choice and examine the impact of an increase in programme participation. We derive a condition for crowding out of ordinary training, as well as a condition for an increase in the skilled labour force and thereby reduced unemployment. The impact of YUPs on welfare and wage dispersion is also considered.     

“低技术陷阱”的理论阐释与研究展望

20世纪80年代末,英国学者Finegold 和 Soskice首次提出“低技术均衡（陷阱）”的概念。之后,关于发达经济体中是否存在“低技术陷阱”、其形成的内在机理是什么以及如何破解,逐渐成为西方学界探讨和论争的热点问题。近年来,发展中国家的“低技术陷阱”问题也开始受到关注。主要从“低技术陷阱”概念的提出、几种代表性理论和代表性模型以及当前研究中存在的若干论争4个方面进行了梳理,并对已有研究进行了总结,最后,提出了研究展望。     

基于可雇佣性的工程管理人才培养研究

高校毕业生是宝贵的人才资源,做好毕业生就业工作,是促进经济发展和社会和谐的重要举措。然而,近年来高校毕业生呈逐年增加态势,就业形势严峻。将可雇佣性引入工程管理专业毕业生就业能力培养研究,在分析可雇佣性USEM模型和KSAIB技能指标的基础上,以西部某理工大学为例开展实证研究,对工程管理专业人才培养现状和存在的问题进行分析,从学校、个人、政府和用人单位4个方面提出工程管理专业人才可雇佣性开发策略。在当前高校毕业生就业难和国家倡导创新创业的大背景下,研究结论具有重要的理论意义和推广价值。     

Inward FDI and demand for skills in manufacturing firms in Sweden

We observe a substantial increase in foreign ownership in Sweden in the 1990s. Did that have any effect on relative demand for skilled labor? Has technology transfers—often associated with inward FDI—led to an increased demand for skills due to skilled-biased technical change? Are there any grounds for the concerns in the public Swedish debate that more skilled activities have been moved to other countries where the headquarters are located? Estimating relative labor demand at the firm level and using propensity score matching with difference-in-difference estimation, we obtain support for that relative demand for skilled labor tend to rise in non-multinationals (non-MNEs)—but not in multinationals (MNEs)—that become foreign-owned. Other interesting findings are that larger presence of foreign MNEs in an industry appears to have a positive impact on the relative demand for skills in Swedish MNEs within the same industry and that the elasticity of substitution between skilled and less-skilled labor seems to be lower in MNEs than in non-MNEs.     

The sector bias of skill-biased technical change and the rising skill premium in transition economies

We test the hypothesis that the sector bias of skill biased technical change is important in explaining the rising relative wage of skilled workers in the manufacturing sector in three Central and Eastern European transition countries. The econometric results broadly confirm that the concentration of skill biased technical change in the skill intensive sectors had a significant effect on the skill premium in these transition countries.

员工创新行为生成机制研究——基于双元开发主体的交互效应模型

遵循人力资源开发绩效范式与学习范式,从个体技能柔性视角揭示组织开发实践与员工自我开发及两者交互效应对员工创新行为的作用机制。通过对519份调查数据的回归分析,结果发现：组织开发实践与员工自我开发对技能柔性有显著正向作用,技能柔性对员工创新行为亦有积极正向影响,技能柔性在组织开发实践、员工自我开发与创新行为关系间起部分中介作用;两者交互效应对技能柔性的积极作用不显著,进而技能柔性无法在两者交互效应与员工创新行为关系间发挥中介作用。由此可知,在充满不确定的内外部环境中,技能柔性是打开创新之门的一把“钥匙”,然而,获取这把“钥匙”的组织开发实践与员工自我开发之间如何实现目标相融、彼此协同,是一项复杂的研究课题。     

Child allowances,educational subsidies and occupational choice

This paper examines the effects on occupational choice and capital accumulation attributable to government policies of child allowances and educational subsidies. We show that multiple steady states may arise under these two policies, with club convergence occurring, and the initial condition being of relevance, if the tax rate of labor income for skilled labor is fairly high. Under a policy of child allowances, an increase in the tax rate is found to raise the quantity of children, but lower the quality of adults; however, under a policy of educational subsidies, with an increase in the tax rate, corresponding increases are found in both the quantity of children and the quality of adults. For developed countries, introducing child allowances may improve or hurt the welfare while introducing educational subsidies is welfare improving.     

Temporary contracts, employment protection and skill: A simple model

We construct a theoretical labor market that incorporates skill differences across workers to identify under which conditions temporary contracts are a way to access to permanency. Firing costs and unemployment benefits increase the threshold productivity above which workers access to permanency.     

Africa's export structure in a comparative perspective

Cross-country econometric analysis informed by Heckscher–Ohlintrade theory suggests that the concentration of Africa's exportson unprocessed primary products is caused largely by the region'scombination of low levels of education and abundant naturalresources. In some African countries, the share of manufacturesin exports could be raised by improving infrastructure and policies.For most of Africa, however, the highest priority is to raisethe absolute level of exports in all sectors, and particularlyin sectors based on natural resources, following a developmentpath more like that of land-abundant America than of land-scarceAsia.     

网络商务信息检索实用策略

席卷而来的因特网正将整个世界的丰富信息资源带到每一个人的面前，当我们踏上INTER—NET这列信息时代的快车的时候，如何在信息的海洋中找到企业经营活动中所需要的信息和资料，就变得非常重要。本文主要介绍网络信息检索技术和搜索引擎的使用技巧。