How loan portfolio diversification affects risk, efficiency and capitalization: A managerial behavior model for Austrian banks

The aim of this paper is to analyze how diversification of banks across size and industry affects risk, cost and profit efficiency, and bank capitalization for large Austrian commercial banks over the years 1997–2003. Employing a unique dataset, provided by the Austrian Central Bank, we test for several different types of managerial hypotheses, formalized according to a modified version of the Berger and DeYoung model [Berger, A.N., DeYoung, R., 1997. Problem loans and cost efficiency in commercial banks. Journal of Banking and Finance 21, 849–870]. We find that, although diversification negatively affects cost efficiency, it increases profit efficiency and reduces banks’ realized risk. Finally, diversification seems to have a positive impact on banks’ capitalization.     

管理者亲社会违规对员工创新行为的影响

基于多焦点社会交换理论,分析员工传统性以及不同焦点的心理契约在管理者亲社会违规对员工创新行为影响机制中的作用,并通过259份员工问卷统计验证上述作用。研究发现：①管理者亲社会违规对员工创新行为具有直接正向影响;②管理者亲社会违规通过上级—下属心理契约履行正向影响员工创新行为;③管理者亲社会违规通过组织—员工心理契约违背负向影响员工创新行为;④员工传统性越高,管理者亲社会违规对上级—下属心理契约履行的正向影响越强,且对组织—员工心理契约违背的正向影响越弱;⑤员工传统性越高,组织—员工心理契约违背的间接效应越弱,但对上级—下属心理契约履行的间接效应影响不显著。