EA在中国大学生英语学习中的应用

语言是一种复杂的交际工具。语言的学习是一个缓慢且艰苦的试误过程。在这一学习过程中．学习者不可避免的要犯错误，这是一个必要的过程。没有这一过程，反而会阻碍他们的进程。正是通过一个“假想→测试→修正→再假想”这样一个不断修正的过程，学习者逐渐的、艰难的建立着一个越来越接近目标语的语言系统。对大学生在英语学习中的常见错误进行分析(EA)，正是为了揭示这一过程的特点，引导学生不断提高听说读写技能，重视言语行为的交际意义，从而真正学好一门外语。     

Employment adjustment in two countries with poor reputations: Analysis of aggregate, firm, and flow data for Portugal and Germany

This paper supplements aggregate time-series analysis of the speed of employment adjustment with evidence from firm panel and flow data for two countries – Portugal and Germany – sharing unenviable labor market reputations. The Portuguese labor market is often portrayed as terminally inert, while that of Germany as badly ailing. We report broad consistency in the results across data sets in favor of Portugal. In benchmarking Portugal against Germany, the adverse reputation of the former – if not necessarily that of the latter country – may have been exaggerated in contemporary policy debate.We thank, without implicating, two anonymous reviewers of this journal for their helpful remarks on an earlier version of the paper.     

Futures Trading Activity and Commodity Cash Price Volatility

Abstract:   This paper examines the lead‐lag relationship between futures trading activity (volume and open interest) and cash price volatility for major agricultural commodities. Granger causality tests and generalized forecast error variance decompositions show that an unexpected increase in futures trading volume unidirectionally causes an increase in cash price volatility for most commodities. Likewise, there is a weak causal feedback between open interest and cash price volatility. These findings are generally consistent with the destabilizing effect of futures trading on agricultural commodity markets.     

Performance of empirical Bayes estimators of random coefficients in multilevel analysis: Some results for the random intercept-only model

For a multilevel model with two levels and only a random intercept, the quality of different estimators of the random intercept is examined. Analytical results are given for the marginal model interpretation where negative estimates of the variance components are allowed for. Except for four or five level-2 units, the Empirical Bayes Estimator (EBE) has a lower average Bayes risk than the Ordinary Least Squares Estimator (OLSE). The EBEs based on restricted maximum likelihood (REML) estimators of the variance components have a lower Bayes risk than the EBEs based on maximum likelihood (ML) estimators. For the hierarchical model interpretation, where estimates of the variance components are restricted being positive, Monte Carlo simulations were done. In this case the EBE has a lower average Bayes risk than the OLSE, also for four or five level-2 units. For large numbers of level-1 (30) or level-2 units (100), the performances of REML-based and ML-based EBEs are comparable. For small numbers of level-1 (10) and level-2 units (25), the REML-based EBEs have a lower Bayes risk than ML-based EBEs only for high intraclass correlations (0.5).     

Information flows within and across sectors in Chinese stock markets

We examine the patterns of information flows within and across sectors of the two Chinese stock exchanges in Shanghai and Shenzhen during 1994–2001. Using the generalized forecast error variance decomposition, we find a high degree of interdependence, indicating that the sectors are highly integrated and sector prices reflect information from other sectors. Industry is the most influential sector in both exchanges, while Finance in Shenzhen is the least integrated with other sectors. Implications of the findings for investors and policymakers are also discussed.     

An Analysis of Thai Financial Reporting Practices and the Impact of the 1997 Economic Crisis

We focus on listed Thai companies between 1993 and 2002 to ascertain whether the 1997 economic crisis, which we refer to as an economic disturbance, had an impact on financial reporting practices. Both changes in measurement and disclosure practices are considered and the period of study is divided into three sub‐periods: the pre‐economic crisis period (1993–96), the economic crisis period (1996–98) and the post‐economic crisis period (1998–2002). The results show that there were significant increases in disclosure levels over the ten years but no substantial changes in measurement methods. This work takes on added relevance in the light of the recent (2007–08) economic bubble and subsequent financial crisis worldwide.     

Quantification and Persuasion in Managerial Judgement*

Accounting involves assigning numbers to events — quantifying them. Conventional wisdom holds that putting numbers to an argument enhances its persuasive power. There is, however, little scholarly evidence to support or refute this claim, in accounting or elsewhere. In this paper, we develop an original process‐based model of how quantification influences persuasion. We posit that including a high‐quality quantified analysis in a proposal enhances its persuasive power by increasing both the perceived competence of the proposal preparer and the perceived plausibility that a favorable outcome could occur. Under some conditions, however, quantification also encourages criticism of the details of the proposal, which potentially offsets these effects. We experimentally test implications of our model in a managerial decision setting, investigating conditions in which quantification is more and less likely to result in criticism of the quantified proposal and, thus, less and more likely to be persuasive. We also test the model itself using structural equations methods. Results largely support the model, which should prove of value to researchers interested in the effects of quantification on judgements and to those interested in persuasion.     

快速扫描毫米波单脉冲天线设计

采用极化扭转式卡氏天线、四喇叭馈源和波导混合环式和差网络实现了8mm波快速扫描单脉冲天线。给出了天线各部分的设计、公差分析和仿真。由于设计时进行了详细的公差分析，样机几乎未经任何调试，便全面满足设计要求，主要指标与仿真结果非常吻合，表明给出的设计方法和公差分析对工程设计有较强的指导意义。     

Additive hazards regression of failure time data with covariate measurement errors

This paper discusses regression analysis of failure time data under the additive hazards model, with covariates subject to measurement errors. In particular, we consider the situation where there may exist only repeated measurements or observations on the covariates with measurement errors, and for which there does not exist any method for inference. A nonparametric-correction approach is proposed for inference about regression parameters and the baseline cumulative hazards function. Both asymptotic and finite sample properties of the proposed estimators are established and the approach is applied to an AIDS clinical trial that motivated this study.     

金融市场风险测量方法综述

近十来年,风险测量方法在收益和风险剧烈波动的股票市场中的作用日益突出,无论是金融机构还是监管当局对金融市场风险的管理与测量也都给予了足够的重视,回顾与展望金融市场风险测量研究方法对于该方面的研究也具有一定的积极意义.