Restricted maximum likelihood estimation under Eisenhart model Ill

For a balanced two-way mixed model, the maximum likelihood (ML) and restricted ML (REML) estimators of the variance components were obtained and compared under the non-negativity requirements of the variance components by L ee and K apadia (1984). In this note, for a mixed (random blocks) incomplete block model, explicit forms for the REML estimators of variance components are obtained. They are always non-negative and have smaller mean squared error (MSE) than the analysis of variance (AOV) estimators. The asymptotic sampling variances of the maximum likelihood (ML) estimators and the REML estimators are compared and the balanced incomplete block design (BIBD) is considered as a special case. The ML estimators are shown to have smaller asymptotic variances than the REML estimators, but a numerical result in the randomized complete block design (RCBD) demonstrated that the performances of the REML and ML estimators are not much different in the MSE sense.     

环境会计计量构架、方法及其应用研究

环境会计计量困难是制约环境会计推行的关键。本文构建了环境会计计量构架,以此为基础从企业资源环境的产权界定、实物计量、货币计量、货币计量方法在会计系统中的应用四个环节研究环境会计计量。     

企业人力资产确认及其计量模型改进

本文认为,企业人力资产的确认与计量应与人力资源管理紧密结合,同时应将“区别考评制度”引入对企业人力资产的确认及对人力资源价值的计量中,并对原有个体和整体人力资源价值的计量模型进行了改进。     

MSE-improvement of the least squares estimator by dropping variables

It is well known that dropping variables in regression analysis decreases the variance of the least squares (LS) estimator of the remaining parameters. However, after elimination estimates of these parameters are biased, if the full model is correct. In his recent paper, Boscher (1991) showed that the LS-estimator in the special case of a mean shift model (cf. Cook and Weisberg, 1982) which assumes no “outliers” can be considered in the framework of a linear regression model where some variables are deleted. He derived conditions under which this estimator outperforms the LS-estimator of the full model in terms of the mean squared error (MSE)-matrix criterion. We demonstrate that this approach can be extended to the general set-up of dropping variables. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the MSE-matrix superiority of the LS-estimator in the reduced model over that in the full model are derived. We also provide a uniformly most powerful F-statistic for testing the MSE-improvement.     

企业家能力与企业成长:基于中国经验的实证研究

本文基于国内277家企业调查的数据,确定了测量中国企业家能力的四个维度:战略能力、管理能力、政府关系能力和社会关系能力,并对企业家能力差异性之根源,以及企业家能力对企业成长的贡献进行了分析。经验数据表明:企业家能力的发挥将受到经济结构和企业家背景因素的影响,尤其是后者的影响更为显著;相对于战略能力和管理能力,企业家的关系能力对企业成长的贡献出现一定程度的弱化;企业家对企业绩效的直接贡献十分有限,其主要功能在于培育组织能力。     

西方经济学资本计量困境与马克思经济学的科学论断

资本计量既是重要的理论问题,也是涉及微观经济活动的现实问题。在资本计量问题上,西方经济学由于对资本概念内涵有着不同的理解,提出了许多不同的计量方法。这些方法有的在理论上存在逻辑问题,有的与现实经济生活相差较远。本文认为,马克思主义经济学对资本概念的理解既解决了资本计量的理论问题,又符合现实经济生活中会计实践需要,科学地揭示了资本实质,对经济生活具有根本的指导意义。     

人力资源价值会计货币计量方法综述

人力资源价值会计是发展至今比较成熟的人力资源会计模式,对其计量方法的研究成果颇丰。本文通 过总结国内外较成熟的人力资源价值货币计量方法,为进一步开展这方面的研究提供条件和根据。     

农村人力资本投资及外溢与城乡差距实证研究

文章以人力资本溢出效应城乡两区域模型为基础,采用协整检验和误差修正模型,对中国农村人力资本投资及外溢与城乡差距的关系进行实证检验。结果表明,缩小中国城乡差距,必须加大对农村的人力资本投资。同时,要加强政府对农村的基础设施投资,为农村人力资本作用的充分发挥创造条件。     

The price relationship between organic and non-organic vegetables in the U.S.: evidence from Nielsen scanner data

This study investigates price relationships between organic and conventional carrots, tomatoes, and lettuce in the U.S. utilizing Nielsen scanner data from 2006–2015. We employ a threshold vector error correction model (TVECM), threshold vector autoregressive model (TVAR), and threshold cointegration test to test whether market integration exists between organic and conventional vegetables as well as the existence of asymmetric price transmission. The results find positive long-run relationships between organic and conventional prices of carrots and tomatoes and show the existence of asymmetric price transmission in price pairs of lettuce and tomatoes. Our findings suggest that the price relationship between organic and conventional vegetables varies by characteristics, such as shelf life, volatility in the price premium, and substitutability.     

Explaining Real Commercial Rents Using an Error Correction Model with Panel Data

This paper presents rent models for retail and office property in the United Kingdom. Panel data are used covering eleven regions for 29 years, enabling us to overcome the limitations of a relatively short time series. We use an error correction model (ECM) framework to estimate long-run equilibrium relationships and short-term dynamic corrections. The combination of panel data and an ECM is an innovative approach that is still being developed in economics. We construct new supply series that combine infrequent stock data with more frequent construction data. Separate regional models are estimated for retail and office properties. The regions are then combined into a number of panels on the basis of the income and price elasticities in the long-run and short-run models. Unlike previous studies, we find no evidence of a board north–south divide between low growth and high growth regions. Like these studies we do find a London effect: in London, demand elasticities for space with respect to both price (rent) and income are much lower in magnitude. We conclude that, while the economic drivers may vary, there is no evidence of differences in the operation of the regional property markets outside London. Elasticities for retail and office are similar. Our final models are parsimonious with single measures of economic activity and of supply and always support the use of an ECM.