企业横向并购后的内部供应链整合

横向并购已经成为企业快速扩张的一种有效手段，而内部供应链的整合将会决定横向并购行为的成败。横向并购后的企业为避免原有的两条供应链各自为战，并且为整合外部供应链打下基础，必须进行内部供应链的整合。通过运用业务流程再造、采用先进的预测方法、采用供应商管理库存以及延迟产品差异化等策略可以实现提高内部供应链效率和响应速度，提升供应链柔性的内部供应链整合目的。     

Social protection and regional convergence in a European Monetary Union

This paper addresses convergence in social protection and GDP in a European Economic and Monetary Union. We evaluate the impact of recently proposed EC social minimum requirements on regional convergence within the EC. Subsequently, we analyze a system of differentiated social norms as a means of raising social protection in countries with lower social standards.     

供应链管理影响因素及评价指标分析

本文认为,供应链凝聚、信息获取能力、区位优势以及信息共享是影响供应链管理成功的四个主要因素,对这四个变量难以直接进行测量。供应链管理成功影响因素测评指标体系是一个多指标的结构,运用层次化结构设定测评指标,从而清晰地表述供应链管理成功影响因素测评指标体系的内涵。供应链管理成功影响因素是总的测评目标,为一级指标,即第一层次;供应链管理成功影响因素中的供应链凝聚、区位优势、信息获取能力、信息共享等四大要素为二级指标,即第二层次;根据各要素的含义和内容,将四大要素(二级指标)展开为具体的三级指标,即第三层次。     

Research on Sustained Development of Supply Network Based on HITS Conception

21st century is a new century with the conception of ＂centralized on customers＂ instead of ＂centralized on products＂. A key feature of nowadays business is the idea that it is supply chains＇ competition, not companies. The present researches to supply chain strategy most concentrated on the operation level. However, the support level which consists of technology, institution, human resource and surroundings is also a factor of cardinal significance to impact the implement of supply strategy. This paper does further research on HITS （Human resource, Institution, Technology and Surroundings） factors to support the supply network sustained development.     

In-work policies in Europe: Killing two birds with one stone?

Generous social assistance has been held responsible for inactivity traps and social exclusion in several European countries, hence the recent trend of promoting employment through in-work transfers. Yet, the relative consensus on the need for ‘making work pay’ policies is muddied by a number of concerns relative to the design of the reforms and the treatment of the family dimension. Relying on EUROMOD, a EU-15 integrated tax-benefit microsimulation software, we simulate two types of in-work benefits. The first one is means-tested on family income, in the fashion of the British Working Family Tax Credit, while the second is a purely individualized policy. Both reforms are built on the same cost basis (after behavioral responses) and simulated in three European countries suspected to experience large poverty traps, namely Finland, France and Germany. The potential labor supply responses to the reforms and the subsequent redistributive impacts are assessed for each country using a structural discrete-choice model. We compare how both reforms achieve poverty reduction and social inclusion (measured as the number of transitions into activity). All three countries present different initial conditions, including existing tax-benefit systems and distribution of incomes and wages. These sources of heterogeneity are exploited together with different labor supply elasticities to explain the cross-country differences in the impact of the reforms.     

Current Situation of China''''s Petroleum Supply & Demand and Change of Circulation System

China's crude supply consists of the imported crude and crude produced by CNPC and CNOOC. In 1996, national crude production reached 157.29 million tons including 141.41 million tons produced by CNPC. Offshore crude production in 1996 soared to 15. 01 million tons, up 78% from 1995. In 1997, China will produce, import     

中国货币供给性质分析

中央银行能否对货币供应量进行直接控制，目前还存在“内生论”和“外生论”之争，自1984年中国人民银行专门行使中央银行职能以来，中国货币供给外生性占据主导地位。     

Variable Labor Supply,Terms of Trade Shocks,and Domestic Prices: A Note

This paper develops a two-good, small-country, general-equilibrium trade model with endogenous labor supply, where trade is restricted by a tariff or an import quota. Within this framework, it is shown that, contrary to Anam (1989), under an import quota domestic and world prices may vary in the same direction. This is due to the possibly positive employment effects of terms of trade shocks. In such a case, compared to fixed labor supply, variable labor supply is likely to make the domestic prices less sensitive to foreign price volatility. Received June 13, 2001; revised version received November 14, 2001     

制度化视角下的农村合作医疗问题探讨

在欠发达地区，农村合作医疗存在着药价高、补偿低、手续杂、出行难、认识低等诸多问题。从制度效率化的视角，加强资金筹集、“农合”管理、医疗救助、报销审批等有效制度建设，对目前农村合作医疗的健康发展显得十分紧迫和重要。     

Corporate Social Responsibility in Supply Chains of Global Brands: A Boundaryless Responsibility? <Emphasis Type="Italic">Clarifications,Exceptions and Implications</Emphasis>

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is increasingly becoming a popular business concept in developed economies. As typical of other business concepts, it is on its way to globalization through practices and structures of the globalized capitalist world order, typified in Multinational Corporations (MNCs). However, CSR often sits uncomfortably in this capitalist world order, as MNCs are often challenged by the global reach of their supply chains and the possible irresponsible practices inherent along these chains. The possibility of irresponsible practices puts global firms under pressure to protect their brands even if it means assuming responsibilities for the practices of their suppliers. Pressure groups understand this burden on firms and try to take advantage of the situation. This article seeks to challenge the often taken-for-granted-assumption that firms should be accountable for the practices of their suppliers by espousing the moral (and sometimes legal) underpinnings of the concept of responsibility. Except where corporate control and or corporate grouping exist, it identifies the use of power as a critical factor to be considered in allocating responsibility in firm–supplier relationship; and suggests that the more powerful in this relationship has a responsibility to exert some moral influence on the weaker party. The article highlights the use of code of conducts, corporate culture, anti-pressure group campaigns, personnel training and value reorientation as possible sources of wielding positive moral influence along supply chains.