The costs of increased localization for a multiple-product food supply chain: Dairy in the United States

There is increased interest in greater localization of food supply chains but little evidence about the effects of localization on supply-chain costs. Assessing these effects is complex in multiple-product, multi-process supply chains such as the dairy industry. In this study, we develop a spatially-disaggregated transshipment model for the US dairy sector that minimizes total supply-chain costs, including assembly, processing, interplant transportation and final product distribution. We employ the cost-minimizing solution as benchmark to compare alternative scenarios of increased supply chain localization. Our results indicate: (1) short-run limits to increased localization, (2) modest impacts on overall supply-chain costs, and (3) large cost re-allocations across supply chain segments, regions and products. We find that increased localization reduces assembly costs while increase processing and distribution costs. Cost increases are larger in regions with smaller raw milk supplies and during the season when less raw milk is produced. Minimizing distances traveled by all dairy products results in tradeoffs across products in terms of cost and distance traveled. The relationship between increased localization and costs appears to be nonlinear.     

中国消费不足的特异性表现

与西方发达国家的消费不足相比,当前中国的消费不足具有显著特异性,具体表现为:投资需求旺盛与消费需求低迷并存,储蓄规模庞大与购买力不足并存,市场消费不振与通货膨胀压力并存,无效供给过剩与有效供给不足并存以及外需增长迅速与内需增长缓慢并存。     

Does trade integration alter monetary policy transmission?

This paper explores the role of trade integration—or openness—for monetary policy transmission in a medium-scale new Keynesian model. Allowing for strategic complementarities in price setting, we highlight a new dimension of the exchange rate channel by which monetary policy directly impacts domestic inflation: a monetary contraction which appreciates the exchange rate lowers the local currency price of imported goods; this, in turn, induces domestic producers to lower their prices too. We pin down key parameters of the model by matching impulse responses obtained from a vector autoregression on time series for the US relative to the euro area. Our estimation procedure yields plausible parameter values and suggests a strong role for strategic complementarities. Counterfactual simulations show that openness alters monetary transmission significantly. While the contractionary effect of a monetary policy shock on inflation and output tends to increase in openness, we find that monetary policy's control over inflation increases, as the output decline which is necessary to bring about a given reduction of inflation is smaller in more open economies.     

基于计算机管理的物资供应流程设计研究

设计了适应计算机管理的物资供应流程模型,提出了从《物资选用目录》和《合格供方名录》中选用物资,实行统一的物资代码、供方代码和采购计划编号,并把这些代码从物资管理的源头流转到最后,各环节的业务交接都以物资代码等为主要特性的一系列延续性的单据为载体,实现物流活动全过程的可视化。利用条码和其它识别码技术,提高实物流的自动化水平和效率。用物流标准化保证计算机流程管理的正常运行。逐步实现物资管理制度、流程和表单一体化的管理方法。     

供应链合作利益协调问题研究

公平、公正、合理的利润分配方案不仅有利于维护供应链的稳定,还可以刺激企业更加努力融入供应链中,提高供应链的竞争力。但是目前对于供应链利润分配过程的研究,多局限于契约机制或者博弈论方面。从供应链合作利益分配角度出发,利用供应链管理、博弈论和委托代理机制理论,建立起了契约机制和转移支付相结合的二次利益分配机制,使得整个供应链合作利益分配既满足效率的要求,又能符合公平的原则。     

基于期权的农产品供应链模式分析

首先分析了农产品供应链的一般模式及其存在的问题,然后结合期权理论与农产品供应链的自身特点,以及我国现阶段农民专业合作社的特点及发展情况,提出了新的模式＂公司＋农民专业合作社＋农户＋期权＂。在此模式的基础上,运用经典的Black-Scholes期权定价模型对棉花供应链进行实例分析,说明了在农产品供应链中引入新模式之后,供应链实现了收益共享、风险共担,由此促进了农村经济的发展。     

微环境下应急供应链的项目化运作模式研究

突发事件的影响不再仅仅是一个个体、一个企业或者一个地区,个体和组织的频繁外界联系在促进群体共同繁荣的同时也加大了自身处理突发事件的难度。作者试图对松耦合形态的供应链组织所面临的突发事件进行研究,通过个案分析结合项目管理理念找出一种切实可行的微环境应急供应链运作形态。     

中国货币市场深化进程中的汇市弹性与压力分析

自21世纪以来,中国货币市场与外汇市场均发生了翻天覆地的变化。对近十年中国货币市场深化发展进程汇市弹性与压力问题的实证结果表明,更富弹性的汇制、更高市场化程度的汇市倾向于高发展水平的货币市场;同时需要政府对外汇市场的逐步放开,使得汇率的波动与调控逐步市场化。货币市场越深化发展,需要更具弹性的汇制与更具自由化的外汇市场与之相协调发展。伴随货币市场的稳步发展,中国汇制的选择更趋合理、更具弹性。     

北京市供排水管理体制的方向选择

分析了北京市供排水系统管理体制的现状,梳理了国际供排水系统主要管理模式的演化过程,比较了华盛顿、伦敦、巴黎、东京的供排水系统管理体制的差异。结合中国国情和北京市的具体特点,提出了相关政策建议。     

小城镇基础设施可持续供给的意义和价值

可持续的基础设施是小城镇发展的基础条件,也是发挥小城镇联结城乡、统筹城镇化与新农村建设功能的重要保证。在界定基础设施可持续性和揭示小城镇基础设施可持续供给的现实困境的基础上,充分考察了城乡一体化进程中影响小城镇基础设施可持续性的供需两方面因素,并从小城镇功能定位、科学规划、公共财政、以城带乡、自主供给、制度构建等六个方面提出了促进小城镇基础设施可持续供给的路径。