Timing of environmental inspections: survival of the compliant

Environmental inspection agencies have limited resources. A natural response to this shortage of resources is targeting and this targeting policy leads to higher compliance than random inspections. This paper uses individual inspection data on the inspection policy of the environmental agency for the textile industry in Flanders (Belgium). We distinguish between three types of inspections and use a survival model to show that the environmental agency inspects firms in a non-random way. Even though the agency solves most environmental problems, it can increase compliance by using the deterrence effect of more stringent inspections and sanctions.      

The nature of the steady state in models of optimal growth under uncertainty

Summary. We study a one-sector stochastic optimal growth model with a representative agent. Utility is logarithmic and the production function is of the Cobb-Douglas form with capital exponent . Production is affected by a multiplicative shock taking one of two values with positive probabilities p and 1-p. It is well known that for this economy, optimal paths converge to a unique steady state, which is an invariant distribution. We are concerned with properties of this distribution. By using the theory of Iterated Function Systems, we are able to characterize such a distribution in terms of singularity versus absolute continuity as parameters and p change. We establish mutual singularity of the invariant distributions as p varies between 0 and 1 whenever . More delicate is the case . Singularity with respect to Lebesgue measure also appears for values such that . For and Peres and Solomyak (1998) have shown that the distribution is a.e. absolutely continuous. Characterization of the invariant distribution in the remaining cases is still an open question. The entire analysis is summarized through a bifurcation diagram, drawn in terms of pairs .Received: 9 April 2002, Revised: 29 October 2002, JEL Classification Numbers: C61, O41.Correspondence to: Tapan MitraThis research was partially supported by CNR (Italy) under the "Short-term mobility" program and by M.U.R.S.T. (Italy) National Group on "Nonlinear Dynamics and Stochastic Models in Economics and Finance" . We are indebted to Rabi Bhattacharya for providing us with the reference to Solomyak's (1995) paper. The present version has benefitted from comments by Mukul Majumdar and two anonymous referees.     

生态经济学基本问题研究

如何审视生态系统、环境系统与经济系统之间的相互关系,关系到对生态经济学基本问题的科学理解,关系到如何运用科学发展观建设和谐社会、实现经济社会持续发展。本文以此为前提,深入研究生态经济学的基本问题,对生态价值、环境价值、经济价值层次的升级,逻辑上的升华及其内在联系进行了探讨。     

经济全球化进程中城市群发展的制度创新

从我国城市群目前的发展现状来看,影响城市群发展的主要因素是制度障碍:城市群跨界需求与行政区分割的障碍、缺乏城市群一体化发展的协调政策、没有形成有效的空间管理机制。因此,制度创新应是发展我国城市群的关键所在,重点是在法律制度、空间规划和管理制度等方面的创新。     

学院制改革:校院系学术权力的重新配置

在经过一系列改革后,我国高校拥有越来越多的办学自主权,但高校内部管理基本上仍然是上令下行的行政管理方式。学院制改革正是要改变这种管理方式,将学术权力进行下放。这种"放权"主要是将学术权力在校院系三个层级进行重新分配,使得学术权力配置更有效率。因此,学院制改革其实也是我国高校自主办学改革的延续和深化。     

徐州市生态经济系统的能值分析

本文应用能值理论．对徐州地区生态经济系统进行了分析．主要涉及能值投入率、能值使用强度（能值密度）、人均能值使用量、人口承载力、电力能值使用量比、能值一货币比、环境负荷率、净能值产出率、可持续发展指数等9个指标及其发展趋势，并与其他国家和地区的有关指标进行了比较研究。结论表明，徐州市是资源输出型的生态经济区域，经济发展仍处于欠发达阶段．还有较大的经济发展潜力。     

论保单持有人最后一道安全屏障:保险保障基金

保险公司退出市场的形式一般分为解散、撤消、破产等。从经济角度来看，保险公司退出的核心问题是保险公司的破产。出于保险公司的经营涉及到多方面的利益，如果简单允许保险公司破产，必然影响整个金融体系的稳定和社会经济的正常发展。因而，在引入竞争机制的同时，还必须建立科学的保险保障基金制度。     

会计职务犯罪的心理学分析

近年来有的财会人员经不住种种诱惑,采取非法手段,侵害国家、集体和人民的利益,其突出表现为做假帐。本文从心理学的角度分析了会计职务犯罪产生的因素,会计职务犯罪对社会的危害。最后,对如何预防会计职务犯罪,运用制度经济学原理从宏观和微观两方面提出了建议。     

盈余管理与企业竞争力

本文以盈余管理的客观性和中性的价值取向为基础,初步探讨了目前我国盈余管理的相关问题及对策,认为盈余管理对提高企业竞争力有着积极的作用,只有认识盈余管理的积极作用并加以正确的引导,对其有害的部分加以监控或治理,才有利于提高企业的竞争力,以确保企业可持续发展的战略。     

中国农村土地制度变迁:一个产权的视角

农地制度历来是中国农村变革的关键,其要义在于产权。本文从产权角度对建国后中国农地制度变迁作了简要分析。作者认为,产权的界定与实施决定着产权的经济绩效。土地改革以来各种农地制度创新形式的不同经济绩效都与产权清晰程度和实施机制有关。