An Analysis of Assortment Choice in Grocery Retailing

Consumers in grocery retailing commonly buy bundles of products to accommodate current and future consumption. When all products in a particular bundle share common attributes (and are selected from the same product category), the consumer is said to assemble an assortment. This research examines the impact of assortment variety on the assortment choice process. In particular, we test the prediction that consumers demand less variety for higher quality items. To investigate this relationship, we employ a flexible choice model, suitable for the analysis of assortment choice. The model, based upon the assumption that the utility of purchase of one item in an assortment depends upon the set of items already selected, allows for a general utility structure across the assortment items. We apply the model to household assortment choice histories from the yogurt product category. Substantively, we show that yogurt choice is affected by brand quality perceptions (quality-tier competition). Moreover, we show that reaction to reductions in variety (number of yogurt flavors) is mediated by brand quality perceptions. Taken together, these empirical facts paint a picture of a consumer who is willing to trade-off variety against product quality in assortment choice.     

浅谈智能决策支持系统在管理决策中的应用前景

文章从智能决策支持系统的概念、性能出发，探讨了该系统应用于管理决策的优势，并大胆描述了智能决策支持系统将对企业管理决策带来的巨大变化。     

提高热敏打印机性能的新方法

打印密度和打印速度是衡量一台打印机性能的重要指标,文章论述了如何在打印机原有硬件结构基础上,通过改变打印头电机驱动控制方式来提高打印密度;采用软件优化设计,优化打印头移动轨迹,加快打印速度,从而提升打印机性能。     

Probabilistic Models for Bacterial Taxonomy

We give a survey of different partitioning methods that have been applied to bacterial taxonomy. We introduce a theoretical framework, which makes it possible to treat the various models in a unified way. The key concepts of our approach are prediction and storing of microbiological information in a Bayesian forecasting setting. We show that there is a close connection between classification and probabilistic identification and that, in fact, our approach ties these two concepts together in a coherent way.     

购销广告中的数学学问

本文通过对需求市场的分析，得出人们的潜在购买量随广告费的增加而增大。但实际需求量是随机的。为使问题简化，并做出定量分析，本文假定实际需求量服从均匀分布，并用数学方法确定广告费和购进量的最优值。     

环境心理感受与个人空间

通过拥挤、密度、个人空间与空间气泡、私密性四个方面简要地说明了人对环境特点的感情和姿态反应,对各种环境场所的接近或回避,以及如何适应环境等。     

Inflation Adjustment and Labour Market Structures: Evidence from a Multi‐country Study*

The impact of labour market structures on the response of inflation to macroeconomic shocks is analysed empirically. Results based on a 20‐country panel show that if labour market coordination is high, the effect on inflation of movements in unemployment, import prices, tax rates and productivity is dampened, both on impact and dynamically. In contrast, monopoly power in labour supply, measured by the percentage unionisation of the workforce, appears to amplify the response of inflation to its reduced‐form determinants. These findings are attributed to the behaviour of wages following movements in demand‐ and supply‐side conditions.     

Characteristic properties of multivariate survival functions in terms of residual life distributions

This paper discusses the relationships among some characteristic properties of the multivariate survival function based on the residual life distribution, and provides the conditions for their equivalence. In the meanwhile, the corrected version of Ma (1996, Theorem 1 (ii) and (iii)) is given.     

A forecasting comparison of some var techniques

Higher dimensional multivariate time series models suffer from the problem of over-parametrisation which impairs their forecasting performance. Starting from such unrestricted vector autoregressive models the paper discusses two ways to cope with this difficulty. The first approach reduces the number of free parameters by applying a subset modelling strategy. The second approach takes a Bayesian point of view by formulating ‘priors’ which are then combined with sample information, but leaving the original specification unaltered. Using Austrian quarterly macroeconomic time series a comparative study is undertaken by running alternative forecasting exercises. Both methods improve out-of-sample forecasting performance substantially at the cost of some bias in ex-post simulations. Comparing the ex-ante predictions of the two approaches, the former does better at short horizons whereas the latter gains as the forecast horizon lengthens.     

消费者对生态标识食品的多层面认知行为:基于MVP模型的实证分析

笔者基于山东省693个样本数据,以绿色食品为例,将消费者认知行为划分为知晓、识别与使用三个层面,构建多变量Probit模型,分析在消费者认知程度提高过程中起主要作用的因素。研究发现,男性或年轻受访者在知晓层面的认知率较高,而女性、年长受访者在识别和使用层面的认知率相对较高;收入和卷入程度的影响在知晓层面不显著,而在识别和使用层面显著;学历、子女状况与环境保护意识的影响在各层面皆显著;食品安全意识与信息渠道的影响在较低层面显著,而在较高层面不显著。消费者认知行为的异质性为市场细分与开发提供了空间。厂商应针对不同群体采取差异化营销战略,引导消费者认知行为,促进潜在需求向现实需求转化。