我国物价上涨过快的比较分析及对策研究

2010年以来,我国物价水平不断攀升,国家为应对物价过快上涨,采取了一系列措施,但从效果来看并不理想。我国在1993年～1995年期间也发生了比较严重的通货膨胀,比较分析这两次通货膨胀的特点,为我国经济运行做出正确的判断和分析,从而采取有效的应对措施。     

中国菲利普斯曲线的理论分析和实证研究

菲利普斯曲线是分析失业与通货膨胀变动关系的一个强有力工具 ,并可以勾勒出经济运行态势。但是 ,由于经济活动影响因素的复杂性及其组合在各国之间的差异 ,特别是我国的特殊国情及正处于经济转轨这一特殊的发展时期 ,传统的菲利普斯曲线及其理论无法直接拟合我国菲利普斯曲线     

Inflation Targeting Around the World

This paper examines the inflation record of twenty-nine inflation- and noninflation-targeting economies. Both industrial and emerging market economies are considered. Empirical evidence is based on a comparison of actual and forecasted inflation, an econometric analysis that estimates changes in inflation persistence, and an estimate of the probability of a breach in the inflation target as a proxy for the fragility of the targeting regime. I find that inflation persistence has fallen in only a handful of emerging market economies. However, the inflationtargeting regime is not especially fragile in emerging market economies. As these economies gain experience with inflation targets and respond appropriately to forecast errors generated by the private sector, the likelihood of breaches in the target ranges tends to fall.     

Inflation Triggers in Transition Economies: Their Evolution and Specific Features

Analysis of thirty inflation episodes in sixteen European transition economies, using the probit panel model with fixed effects, uncovers inflation triggers that overlap with those obtained in either developing or developed countries or both. However, we found some transition-specific features. Thus, the relative contribution of the triggers evolves as transition progresses, such that the early dominance of the output gap, the fiscal deficit, and elections are subsequently subdued by a rise in food and oil prices, the exchange rate regime, and the current account deficit. The last two triggers could be linked to deep financial integration in Europe and the consequent large flow of capital toward European transition economies in the 2000s, a phenomenon not observed in any other part of the world. In addition, the exchange rate regime as an inflation starter in transitional Europe may be due to its convergence with developed Europe and the resulting real appreciation of currency.     

Why persistent high inflation impedes growth? An empirical assessment of threshold level of inflation for India

In the policy debate on growth–inflation trade-off and the role of monetary policy in managing the trade-off in the short-run, theoretical and empirical research suggests the presence of a country specific threshold level of inflation. Empirical findings of this paper suggest that for India the threshold level of inflation could be around 6%. The inflation target for monetary policy may have to be somewhat lower than the growth maximizing threshold, since any positive inflation could be a risk to inclusive and sustainable growth objective.     

Monetary policy for emerging market economies: beyond inflation targeting

Monetary policymakers normally seek to achieve multiple objectives: for prices as well as real economic activity, sometimes for the composition of real activity as well as the aggregate, and often for aspects of the economy's international balance. The fact that monetary policy has only one basic instrument to use therefore creates both complexity and tensions among these objectives. Although inflation targeting represents a way of imposing a logical consistency on monetary policy, in the presence of multiple policy objectives inflation targeting undermines policy transparency and therefore makes accountability more difficult too. Because of the limitation of monetary policy's having only one instrument, but multiple objectives, fiscal policy and prudential supervision and regulation of financial institutions are also important for enabling emerging market economies to achieve their macroeconomic aims.     

Does Money Matter in Shaping Domestic Business Cycles? An International Investigation

We study the contribution of money to business‐cycle fluctuations in the United States, the United Kingdom, Japan, and the euro area using a small‐scale structural monetary business cycle model. Constrained likelihood‐based estimates of the parameters are provided and time instabilities analyzed. Real balances are statistically important for output and inflation fluctuations. Their contribution changes over time. Models giving money no role provide a distorted representation of the sources of cyclical fluctuations, of the transmission of shocks, and of the events of the last 40 years.     

中国宏观经济形势与政策:2009—2010年

本文依据中国经济增长与价格形成理论模型以及CMAFM计量模型,分析与预测2009—2010年间中国经济在积极财政政策和适度宽松货币政策支持下的复苏过程。本文认为,中国需求管理应该继续采取扩张性政策取向,完成中国经济景气从萧条到繁荣的周期形态转换,并且与中国经济发展的高储蓄—高投资—高增长模式相适应,形成以促进国内投资需求为轴心的政策架构。     

存款准备金调控通货膨胀的有效性分析

存款准备金制度是央行重要的间接宏观调控手段。2010年以来,受国际、国内多种因素影响,CPI增速明显加快。存款准备金率作为当前应对通胀的主要手段,已连续12次上调,达到21．5％的历史高位。但频繁上调存款准备金率,并未有效抑制物价、CPI过快上涨。反而因为过度、频繁地使用存款准备率政策,对经济的伤害也逐渐凸现出来。     

货币供应、通货膨胀与经济增长的互动关系研究——基于时变参数VAR模型的实证检验

文章以我国1996年1月至2012年12月的月度数据为基础,首次建立了货币增长率、通货膨胀率和经济增长率的带随机波动的时变参数VAR模型（TVP-VAR）,以此来考察货币供应、通货膨胀和经济增长之间的互动关系。研究结果表明：货币增长短期内促进经济增长,但长期内对经济增长没有驱动效应;货币增长短期内对通货膨胀的作用不确定,而在中长期时间内货币扩张会引发通货膨胀。经济的增长并没有推动货币增长,经济增长在短期内导致通货膨胀,但在长期内经济增长对通货膨胀的影响基本不存在;通货膨胀对经济增长和货币增长的作用依状态而变化。