Changes in the Public Accounts Committee of a Less Developed Democratic Country: A Field Study

This paper complements prior studies on the public accounts committees (PACs) by considering the notions of ‘agency’ and ‘structure’ of institutional theory in tandem in understanding the changes in structures and activities of the PAC of a less‐developed democratic country – Bangladesh. While prior studies examined ‘external’ institutional pressures on the development and operation of the PAC in various settings, the role of internal and external institutional agents in this context has not been their primary focus. Our empirical evidence from a qualitative field study indicates that over the past two decades, Bangladesh's PAC underwent significant changes to its internal governance structures and administrative processes. While these changes were indirectly driven by pressures from international donor agencies, PAC members and the national audit office played a key role as institutional agents in initiating and institutionalising the changes in PAC governance and operation.     

我国上市公司治理中的审计委员会与监事会

审计委员会和监事会是两种不同治理模式下的监督机构,我国的公司一直都设立监事会这一监督模式,但2002年1月,中国证监会颁布的《上市公司治理准则》中提到,应该在上市公司设立审计委员会制度。究竟是何原因导致证监会在目前上市公司设有监事会的基础上,还要设立审计委员会这一     

Are fully independent audit committees really necessary?

Accounting scandals and concerns about the quality of financial statements have led to many calls for improved audit committee effectiveness. Prior research indicates that audit committee independence is positively related to effective oversight of the financial reporting process. Unfortunately, prior research has not provided an answer as to how much independence on the audit committee is enough. This is an important unanswered question because while Section 301 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX) currently requires all listed companies to maintain an audit committee that is 100% independent there has been much debate regarding easing the SOX requirements for smaller and foreign companies. In this paper we examine whether the regulatory requirements of a completely independent audit committee are necessary to obtain the monitoring benefits related to audit committee independence that have been documented in prior literature. Our results suggest that the benefits of audit committee independence are consistently achieved only when the audit committee is completely independent. These results provide support for the SOX requirement of 100% independent audit committees.     

选举提名方式与土地管理体制:村民对村领导行为及其绩效的评价

提名方式是选举的重要组成部分 ,农村民主选举的不同提名方式对村领导的行为及其绩效有不同的影响。对土地的投入是农村普遍的经济活动 ,与土地相关的活动对村民来说是至关重要的 ,村民对村领导决定的土地分配有着强烈的反响。从农村民主选举与土地管理体制的角度来研究选举提名方式是农村民主政治建设研究的一个新视角。     

The analysis of determinants of going concern audit report

Going concern is one of essential things for user to make a financial decision. This research aims to explore factors that caused the issuance of going concern audit report by auditor. This research adds two new variables, audit size and audit committee, besides the other factors that cause auditor issue a going concern audit report. This research uses a regression logistic analysis to determine the relationship of each variable （liquidity, solvability, profitability, cash flow, audit firm size and audit committee） to going concern audit report. Different from previous researches, the results of this research show that liquidity, profitability, cash flow, and audit committee are not significant to influence the issuance of audit opinion. Audit size has a more significant relationship to audit opinion, while solvability is the most significant factor.     

审计委员会行为与基本特征相关性研究——基于2010年A股上市公司实证检验

本文使用2010年A股上市公司的数据,检验了审计委员会基本特征（财务专家、独立性、规模等）与审计委员会行为之间的关系。虽然审计委员会基本特征能够在一定程度上解释审计委员会的行为,但以这些基本特征作为审计委员会的代理变量仍然是值得推敲的。     

审计委员会特征对上市公司内部控制缺陷的影响

本文以2009年深市主板A股上市公司为样本,实证检验了审计委员会特征对内部控制缺陷的影响。研究发现,上市公司审计委员会设立时间越长、规模越大、独立性越强,公司内部控制存在缺陷的可能性越小。进一步将内部控制缺陷划分为整体缺陷、具体缺陷、设计缺陷和执行缺陷四种类型,研究发现,设立时间越长、规模越大的审计委员会对四种类型缺陷的抑制作用都越强,独立性越强的审计委员会对除整体缺陷之外的其他三类缺陷的抑制作用越强,审计委员会的专业性越强对设计缺陷的抑制作用越强。     

国外非营利组织监督机制研究综述

非营利组织蓬勃兴起,在社会、政治和经济中发挥着重要作用,但是一系列财务丑闻却严重损害了非营利组织的公信力,因此应着力探索和构建非营利组织监督机制,以引导其健康快速发展。我国非营利组织发展起步较晚,关于非营利组织监督机制的理论研究尚不健全,实证研究尤其匮乏。通过对非营利组织的内部监督、信息披露以及外部监督这三个方面的国外文献进行综述发现,监督机制对改善非营利组织治理结构、提高组织绩效、维护行业公信力具有一定效果,这对我国非营利组织监督机制的建构具有一定借鉴意义。     

Professionals inside the board room: accounting expertise of directors and dividend policy

Directors’ personal attributes have significant impacts on governance effectiveness. We study whether directors’ accounting expertise affects corporate financial policy and investigate dividend in specific. We construct a dataset of audit committee directors’ accounting expertise for Standard & Poor 500 firms from 2005 to 2012. We first verify directors’ monitoring roles by showing that firms with accounting expert sitting on their audit committees demonstrate stronger accounting conservatism. In our main tests, we find that these firms maintain lower dividend payment level, which are less sensitive to earnings volatility. This suggests directors’ advisory roles in financial policy. We further show that our accounting expertise cannot be subsumed by management ability. In additional test, we further examine the baseline results conditional on analyst forecast error. Our findings highlight the importance of directors’ professional expertise in fulfilling their governance roles.     

国外董事报酬决定法律制度比较与借鉴

各国的董事报酬决定机关以及报酬委员会的组成和职权都有所不同;美国安然公司等事件的发生,促使大部分国家强化了报酬决策隔离机制,即增强了报酬委员会以及股东大会和机构投资者参与决定董事报酬的权力。我国有必要完善董事报酬决定法律制度,尤其是要建立健全相应的报酬决策隔离机制,增加股东批准和监管的权力。