基于价值链理论的产业升级模式初探

在当今世界,经济全球化使生产在全球范围内的分工与合作已成大势所趋。许多中国企业面临跨国公司非核心业务外包的全球化浪潮,同时亦面临代工的风险、不利的处境和可能的损失。在机遇与挑战并存的背景下,中国企业要适应经济全球化趋势和外包全球化浪潮的发展要求,积极参与全球化分工与合作,为跨国公司代工和配套,大力发展OEM模式,并积蓄力量向ODM和OBM水平升级。     

代工模式的分工位置、组织特征与技术追赶——基于全球价值链的视角

代工制造是跨国公司主导全球价值链治理和资源优化配置的重要形式。中国已成为全球代工制造大国,但长期以来代工制造业的国际竞争力并没有随规模扩张实现同步提升。文章概述了全球价值链理论的核心内容,并基于全球价值链分工的视角,分析了代工制造模式的主要类型、价值链分工位置、产业组织特征和技术追赶过程。最后,提出了中国代工制造业技术追赶的几点建议。     

代工企业产品开发能力的提升:社会资本、组织间学习与组织内学习

面对日益增强的全球竞争,代工企业必须不断地进行产品开发能力的提升才能满足国外顾客企业快速变化的需求.为实现这一目的,代工企业需要向国外顾客企业学习.然而,现有研究很少实证探讨这一问题.因此,基于组织学习视角,本文实证探讨了国际代工关系中的社会资本、组织间学习、组织内学习与代工企业产品开发能力之间的关系.通过珠三角143家代工企业的数据收集,研究结果显示代工企业同国外顾客企业之间社会资本显著正向影响双方的组织间学习,组织间学习显著正向影响组织内学习和产品开发能力,组织内学习显著正向影响产品开发能力.     

代工企业知识管理与研发能力关系研究

对于发展中国家代工企业而言,如何取得技术知识并有效地运用在新产品开发与创新上,是其维持竞争优势的重要手段.代工企业产品开发能力的提升在很大程度上取决于其有效的知识管理能力.尽管当前对代工企业知识管理日益关注,但很少有实证研究探讨知识管理和产品开发能力之间的关系.因此,本文实证检验了代工企业知识管理对其新产品开发能力的影响,其中知识管理以知识获取、知识处理、知识运用三个主要活动为主.研究结果表明:知识获取、知识吸收、知识运用对代工企业产品开发能力有显著的正向影响.     

An Empirical Study of OEM in Taiwan's Apparel Industry

Abstract

This paper has examined the effectiveness of the original equipment manufacturing (OEM) system in Taiwan's apparel industry from the perspective of international competitiveness. For that purpose, this study uses the following three definitions as the dependent variables in the empirical analyzes: namely, the ratio of apparel's export value to real gross domestic product (GDP); apparel's export value per unit of labor cost; and trade specialization index of Taiwan's apparel industry. The indices constructed for statistical analysis in this study illustrate clearly that international competitiveness of Taiwan's apparel industry has deteriorated from 1989 to 2005. In addition, in order to clarify those factors that have influenced the fall of international competitiveness, this study identifies three important factors—namely, wage, labor productivity, and the real effective exchange rate (REER)—and four structural and policy dummies, and then conducted multiple regressions to clarify their statistical relations with each of the dependent variable. The analytical findings show that the Taiwanese apparel industry has lost its attractiveness as an OEM production base because of the rise of wages and the fall of labor productivity. In addition, our findings show that the appreciation of the New Taiwan Dollar (NTD) in terms of REER does not influence the movement of international competitiveness in Taiwan's apparel industry.     

The Dynamic Relations between the World's Leading Computer Companies and Their Corresponding OEM/ODM Firms

This paper explores the return dynamics between the world's major computer OBM firms and their corresponding OEM/ODM companies in Taiwan. We adopt a systematic multiple hypotheses testing method, the VAR test methodology, to test the dynamic relations. The result shows that there exist strong dynamic relations between the stock returns of the own-brand firms and their corresponding OEM/ODM firms. Specifically, returns of the OBM firms tend to lead those of their corresponding OEM/ODM companies. And the extent of this return lead-lag pattern increases with the closeness of the relationship between those OBM firms and their OEM/ODM partners. This implies that the OBM-OEM/ODM partnership is an important factor in the information set of the investors' trading strategies. In addition to the return dynamics, we also examine the volatility association and spillover effect between returns of these two types of firms. The result indicates a significant spillover effect of the current volatility of the OBM firms on future volatility of their corresponding OEM/ODM firms. Our results imply that the information transmission process between performance of the OBM firms and earnings power of the OEM/ODM companies is not only channeled through the first moment return lead-lag pattern, but also conducted by the second moment volatility spillover effect.     

OEM、ODM到OBM：新兴经济的企业自主创新路径研究

从OEM到ODM再到OBM的路径其实就是引进、消化吸收、模仿到自主创新的过程，也是一个技术积累和技术学习的过程。新兴经济大多数企业的创新OEM起步，在进行一定的资本和技术积累后，逐渐过渡到ODM和OBM，OEM、ODM、OBM三种模式在技术学习过程、市场、价值创造及创新特点方面有着不同的特征。新兴经济的一些企业成长和创新路径的典型案例给我国企业提供了很好的借鉴。在与发达国家企业开展OEM业务时，我国企业应在生产制造过程中逐渐积累起自身的R＆D能力，形成自己的知识产权，在此基础上进行自主创新和创建自主品牌，实现从OEM、ODM到OBM的演进。     

企业自主创新浅析——由OEM到ODM、OBM

OEM作为一有效率的合作方式,已成为我国制造业融入国际价值链体系的一个主要途径,但其内在劣势也是制造业面临的最大问题,从"贴牌"走向"创牌"是企业发展的必由之路.     

我国加工贸易发展战略研究

从加工贸易的概念入手,分析加工贸易在我国的地位和作用,查找其在我国发展遇到的问题,并从多方面提出相应的解决方案,试图探索我国加工贸易发展的新模式,以使这一贸易方式被更理性化认识。     

中国制造业的品牌战略:从OEM到OBM

制造业的快速发展已经为中国赢得了“世界工厂”的美誉。在这一过程中OEM功不可没,许多企业都通过OEM在国际市场上崭露头角。本文从相关概念入手,分析了OEM的利弊,认为中国制造业的发展趋势是从OEM到ODM,最终通过OBM来实现产业升级,并对其具体施行给出有关建议。