中小企业技术创新金融支持体系中外比较

中小企业是技术进步的重要媒介。但是,由于中小企业自身资产较少,又很难从银行和资本市场获得资金,政府对其支持的力度也不够,使中小企业缺乏进行技术创新的资金。实践证明,资金不足是中小企业技术创新的最大障碍。所以,各国都在积极采取各种措施,完善金融支持体系,促进中小企业的技术创新。     

British co-operative societies as retail innovators: Interpreting the early stages of the self-service revolution

Multinational companies and their subsidiaries have been important actors in the world economy. However, we know relatively little about the evolution of subsidiaries and their adaption to host country conditions. This article is a case study of a Norwegian subsidiary of the Canadian mining multinational Falconbridge Nickel Mines Ltd. It examines what autonomy the subsidiary had, how the autonomy was used, its development of knowledge and how it adapted to Norwegian ways of doing business. The article shows that subsidiaries may contribute significantly to the development of their mother companies. It highlights four factors that influenced the degree of autonomy and the evolution of subsidiaries in the inter-war era; namely host country politics, the line of business, the configuration of knowledge within the given multinational company and in case of acquisitions; the prehistory of the subsidiary.     

服务外包与国内就业:基于全球15个国家25个行业的实证分析

利用2000年和2005年的投入产出表数据,计算了世界15个主要发包国25个行业的服务外包率,并建立计量模型实证分析了服务外包对发包国国内就业的影响。研究结果表明,从总体上看,服务外包对发包国国内就业的影响方向是不确定的,正负效应主要取决于服务外包量的大小、外包对国内就业的替代效应和规模效应以及外包环节的类型;对绝大多数国家而言,服务外包的就业效应是不显著的,仅是影响国内就业的弱因素,工资水平和产业规模是影响各国国内就业的重要因素。     

危机后新兴大国产业结构调整的战略与政策研究

危机后新兴大国顺应世界产业调整与发展的趋势,结合国内经济结构转型需要,纷纷调整本国产业结构,其战略主要包括：推动制造业升级,提升产业竞争优势;加大科技投入力度,在新兴产业领域寻求战略突破;应对国际需求萎缩,谋求服务业更大的发展空间;扶持农业发展,夯实农业的基础地位。新兴大国从资本、技术与市场三方面入手,落实产业结构调整战略的政策与手段主要包括：提供融资支持,调整财政投入重点,加大资本投入;调整科技政策,加强国际技术合作,提升产业技术水平;改善收入分配,支持出口,扩大产业发展的市场需求。     

国际木材非法采伐与相关贸易问题研究

探讨了非法采伐的定义、现状,从生产国与市场的角度分析了非法采伐产生的原因,并分析了非法采伐产生的影响。介绍了国际上打击非法采伐与相关贸易的行动和协议,结合以中国为中心的林产品进出口贸易情况,分析中国林产品进口对非法采伐问题的影响。林产品生产国与消费国在非法采伐问题上应承担主要的责任,提出了解决非法采伐与相关贸易的措施。     

A novel approach to quality assessment of plant health clinics

Since 2003, community-based plant health clinics have been established in several developing countries as a new, low-cost method to provide plant health advice to smallholder farmers who have limited access to advisory services. As the plant clinics are becoming more widespread, there is an increasing need to create basic procedures to regulate clinic operations. This paper describes how the concepts of ‘plant health clinic quality’ evolved from 2006 to 2009 and how a novel framework for quality assessment was developed in Nicaragua, Bangladesh, Vietnam, Bolivia and Uganda. Quality criteria for plant clinics include technical quality, timeliness, staff attitude, feasibility of advice, clinic location, materials, organization and outreach. These criteria show many similarities to those applied successfully in human and animal healthcare. Allowing plant clinic staff and their supervisors to define the quality criteria and monitoring methods themselves has helped raise awareness about clinic performance and improve self-assessment skills. Monitoring visits are being done more consciously and systematically and there are indications that register management and decision-making processes are improving as well as staff motivation. Monitoring protocols and quality assessment are now accepted as an essential component of plant clinic operations to improve clinic performance and accountability to farmers.     

发展中国家对华反倾销的影响与动因——与发达国家的比较分析

在全球反倾销调查趋于下降的情况下,中国面临的反倾销形势依然严峻,发展中国家逐渐成为对华反倾销的主体。文章通过与发达国家比较,实证分析发展中国家对华反倾销的影响及成因,并提出相应的对策。     

转轨国家参与区域经济合作的战略选择

参与区域经济合作是转轨国家发展本国经济的重要途径。目前,转轨国家参与区域经济合作缺乏整体战略安排,参与的区域经济合作组织一体化程度较低。因而转轨国家应组建专门机构,加强对区域合作的研究和组织安排,首先搞好与周边国家的合作,其次应在全球范围内选择有战略意义的友好国家进行区域经济合作。     

Determinants of capital budgeting methods and hurdle rates in Nordic firms

We study the determinants for the choice of capital budgeting methods and the setting of hurdle rates (WACCs) in five Nordic countries. Combining survey data with a rich set of determinants, including ownership data, CFO characteristics, and financial data, we find that the use of the Net Present Value method and the sophistication of the capital budgeting are related to firm characteristics, variables proxying for real option features in investments and CFO characteristics (age and education). We also find support for significantly higher hurdle rates than motivated by economic theory. The premium is weakly positively related to managerial short‐term pressure and strongly negatively related to the sophistication level of the firm’s capital budgeting.     

消费者全球认同与全球品牌态度——针对发展中国家的研究

全球化使消费者在当地认同之外形成了全球认同。组合当地认同和全球认同,可形成四种类型的消费者:双认同者、全球认同者、当地认同者和社会疏离者。针对中国消费者的调查显示,对于来自发达国家的全球品牌,前两类消费者有正面评价,表明全球认同是推动消费者偏好发达国家品牌的主要动因;双认同者的评价高于全球认同者,说明全球认同与当地认同属于独立概念,可以共存甚至强化;当地认同者和社会疏离者对全球品牌无明显态度。此外,消费民族中心主义对于发达国家品牌态度有负向影响,但对于双认同者不起作用,显示认同是消费民族中心主义的调节变量。最后,文章探讨了全球认同对中、外企业国际市场细分和定位策略的管理启示。