An Empirical Investigation of Dual Network Effects in Innovation Project Development

As innovation project developers advance their knowledge through more project experience, cross-project learning is likely to enhance project performance. Past research has demonstrated positive contributions of developer networking at the macro (project) level. However, the network effects at the micro (project property) level have not been studied as much. To address this gap, we apply a network model to examine which project properties (e.g., the project's operating system and topic) generate positive or negative network effects in addition to the macro network effect when developers engage in multiple projects. In this dual (developer and property) network model, we theorize that positive network effects take place because of cross-project learning and knowledge exchange, whereas negative network effects can also occur due to time constraints and cognitive overloading. In addition to such dual network effects, we also consider such project success predictors as spatial and temporal reach opportunities for project users (scope of translations and project age) and human resources availability (developer team size). Our empirical application using open source software (OSS) data demonstrates that the presented model can effectively integrate both the dual network effects and non-network variables as factors influencing the commercial success of OSS projects.     

Organisational modes for Open Innovation in the bio-pharmaceutical industry: An exploratory analysis

This paper investigates the adoption of Open Innovation in the bio-pharmaceutical industry, studying through which organisational modes it is put into practice and how these modes are interwoven with the different phases of drug discovery and development process. Two rounds of interviews with industry experts were carried out to develop a model describing the adoption of Open Innovation by bio-pharmaceutical companies. This framework was then applied to an extensive and longitudinal empirical basis, which includes data about the adoption of Open Innovation by the top 20 worldwide industry players, in the time period 2000-2007. The paper provides a thorough discussion of how bio-pharmaceutical firms have used different organisational modes (i.e. licensing agreements, non-equity alliance, purchase and supply of technical and scientific services) to enter into relationship with different types of partners (i.e. large pharmaceutical companies, product biotech firms, platform biotech firms and universities) with the aim to acquire (Inbound Open Innovation) or commercially exploit (Outbound Open Innovation) technologies and knowledge. The implications of the study for Open Innovation research and possible avenues for future investigation are discussed at length in the paper.     

美国自然主义文学及其在《海上扁舟》中的体现

19世纪末20世纪初美国文坛上出现了一种新的文学思潮,这一思潮一改往日美国文学主流,为其增添了全新的题材、全新的主题以及全新的创作风格。这就是被后人称之为自然主义的文学运动。观察敏锐、想象丰富、才华横溢的美国年轻作家斯蒂芬.克莱恩为美国自然主义文学的兴起作出了不可磨灭的贡献。他的《海上扁舟》是其自然主义思想最具代表性的作品。     

露天采矿设备检修浅析

分析了露天采矿设备的特点,指出了露天采矿设备的常见故障及一般处理方法,并从引进设备故障诊断系统、完善检修设施等方面提出了管理建议,以期对露天采矿设备维修工作的变革、降低维修成本、提高维修效率及设备的出动率和完好率起到借鉴意义。     

Effects of taxation for option writers: an Australian perspective

Writing an option is a taxable event for Australian investors. This method of taxation penalizes investors who hold open short option positions over the tax year end by accelerating their tax liability relative to the timing of the economic gain from writing options. This paper examines the levels of open interest in the Australian Stock Exchange over the change in financial year to determine whether investors time their transactions to avoid this tax acceleration. The results show that level of open interest is lower in the last month of the financial year after controlling for non‐tax determinants of option demand.     

公司治理耗散性高阶有序跃迁研究

公司治理作为人类经济社会中一个开放型系统，其基本构件——各个子系统序参量变化，可不断地产生高阶有序跃迁，进而引发治理系统形成新的稳态耗散结构。其耗散机理主要表现为远离平衡状态的非线性和非稳定性，状态序参量在开放态下的变动方向、速率和跃迁水平，耗散跃迁的对称性自发破缺压分岔，微涨落的非线性放大和非平衡相变。中国公司治理必须完善其构件的开放性发挥，其交互效应形成耗散结构的高阶有序跃迁，优化结构。完善功能，达到“无为而治”的境界。     

汇率制度与货币政策——发展中国家和小国经济的思考

本文中,我们将研究在资本市场对外开放及汇率固定条件下货币政策的管理机制问题。我们的目标是探讨货币政策能否在此种情况下继续独立而有效地稳定国内经济。为此,我们建议两种制度上的约束。给定这些约束,我们证明货币政策仍然有效。同时,本文讨论了此种制度选择对发展中国家和小国经济的意义。     

Open source software: Motivation and restrictive licensing

Open source software (OSS) is an economic paradox. Development of open source software is often done by unpaid volunteers and the “source code” is typically freely available. Surveys suggest that status, signaling, and intrinsic motivations play an important role in inducing developers to invest effort. Contribution to an OSS project is rewarded by adding one’s name to the list of contributors which is publicly observable. Such incentives imply that programmers may have little incentive to contribute beyond the threshold level required for being listed as a contributor. Using a unique data set we empirically examine this hypothesis. We find that the output per contributor in open source projects is much higher when licenses are less restrictive and more commercially oriented. These results indeed suggest a status, signaling, or intrinsic motivation for participation in OSS projects with restrictive licenses.

区域创新效率提升之道:选择性保护还是全面开放

在SNA框架（2008）下科学测算地区R&D资本存量,并利用网络DEA方法测度区域创新效率,以此为基础,利用空间面板模型考察2000—2015年我国各区域对内对外贸易开放对创新效率的影响。结果发现：东部地区创新效率明显高于中西部地区;对外贸易开放度、对内贸易开放度提高均能显著提升区域创新综合效率。不同的是,对外贸易开放度能够促进区域知识创新效率提升,而对内贸易开放度主要提高了区域科技成果商业化效率;从地区影响看,对外贸易开放主要对东部地区创新综合效率具有提升作用,对内贸易开放则主要提升了中、西部地区创新综合效率。基于此,为更好地促进区域创新效率提升,提出相应政策建议。     

社会网络联系与用户创新研究

传统社会网络理论认为,创新用户间的社会网络联系有利于提升用户创新绩效,但在考虑社会网络成本前提下,不同质量水平的社会网络联系对用户创新绩效具有不同影响。选取乐高开放式创新平台为典型案例,编写爬虫程序获取平台客观数据,通过构建创新用户社会网络,实证检验高质量和低质量社会网络联系对用户创新的异质性影响。结果发现,创新用户拥有的社会网络联系总数对用户创新绩效无显著影响,社会网络联系质量才是影响用户创新绩效的关键。其中,高质量联系能够显著提升用户创新产出价值,并显著减少创意项目淘汰概率;而低质量联系则会显著降低用户创新产出价值,且微弱提高创意项目淘汰概率。以此为基础,为创新用户和开放式创新平台方提出策略性建议。