The Impact of the EU–US Open Skies Agreement and the Resulting British Airway's Open Skies Initiative: Passenger Numbers in London,Amsterdam and Paris

Abstract

The advent of the EU–US Open Skies Agreement has been widely anticipated. A number of consequences have been predicted, for example, impacts on fares, passenger volumes, choice and consumer welfare. Airline costs are also predicted to fall as a result of increased competitiveness and increased cooperation among airlines. For the short period since the implementation of the Agreement, it is relatively easy to assess the supply-side changes that have been made, but more difficult to make wider judgements. This paper indicates the data that will be required to make these judgements and notes some methodological difficulties. Early estimates of the impact on passenger numbers are given using time series analysis focusing on London airports, in particular London Heathrow and airports served by British Airway's Open Skies Airline from Paris Orly and Amsterdam Schipol.

Impact de l'accord Ciel Ouvert entre l'UE et les États-Unis et de l'initiative Open Skies résultante de British Airways: nombre de passagers à Londres, Amsterdam et Paris

Résumé L'avènement de l'accord Ciel ouvert entre l'UE et les États-Unis avait été très largement prévu, et on a prédit un certain nombre de conséquences, notamment l'impact sur le prix des billets, sur les volumes de passagers, sur le choix pour les consommateurs et sur leur bien-être, entre autres. On prévoit également que les coûts des compagnies d'aviation devraient baisser, en conséquence de l'augmentation non seulement de la compétitivité, mais aussi de la concurrence entre les compagnies. A l'issue de la courte période qui s'est écoulée depuis l'implémentation de l'Accord, il est relativement aisé d’évaluer les variations qui se sont produites du côté de l'offre, mais beaucoup plus difficile de formuler des opinions plus générales. La présente communication indique les données qui seront requises pour formuler ces jugements, et souligne certaines difficultés sur le plan de la méthodologie. Des premières évaluations de l'impact sur le nombre de voyageurs ont été avancées, sur la base d'analyses à série temporelle concentrées sur les aéroports de Londres, notamment l'aéroport Heathrow de Londres et les aéroports desservis par la compagnie Open Skies de British Airway entre Paris Orly et l'aéroport Schipol d'Amsterdam.

El efecto del Acuerdo de Cielos abiertos entre la UE y EE.UU. y el resultado de la Iniciativa de Cielos abiertos de British Airways: número de pasajeros en Londres, Ámsterdam y París

Resumen El advenimiento del Acuerdo de Cielos abiertos entre la EU y EE.UU. era algo ampliamente esperado. Se han pronosticado muchas consecuencias, por ejemplo, los efectos sobre las tarifas, los volúmenes de pasajeros, las opciones y el bienestar de los consumidores. También se ha pronosticado la caída de los costes de las aerolíneas debido a una mayor competitividad y el incremento de la cooperación entre las aerolíneas. En el corto periodo de implantación del Acuerdo, es relativamente fácil evaluar los cambios que se han dado en el lado de la oferta, sin embargo, es más difícil realizar estimaciones mayores. Este trabajo indica que se necesitan datos para realizar estas estimaciones y hace referencia a algunas dificultades metodológicas. Los primeros estimativos del efecto sobre los números de pasajeros se han obtenido mediante análisis de series de tiempo centrados en los aeropuertos de Londres, en particular, el de Heathrow, y en los aeropuertos atendidos por la Aerolínea de Cielos abiertos de British Airways de Orly, en París, y Schipol, en Ámsterdam.

     

Was the Internet the Only Option? Which Way Should Business and Information Systems Engineering Go?

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Congenital learning in the Spanish telecommunication industry

Knowledge provided by a firm's founder(s) is one of the most important success factors for SMEs. This paper aims to identify the impact of the founder's knowledge on business performance in today's organization. It is with this in mind that we propose a specialized organizational learning process, which we refer to as the congenital learning process, by which the firm transforms the tacit and explicit knowledge of the founder into knowledge which is available to the firm and its members. The research model and hypothesized relationships are empirically tested using the structural equation modeling (SEM) approach, validated by factor analysis of 130 SMEs in the Spanish telecommunications sector. Two structural equation models, derived from the literature, have been used, resulting in the conclusion that organizational performance is positively affected by the transfer and transformation of knowledge as long as the organization has implemented processes that lead to the creation of what we refer to as an open organizational context.     

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Unemployment and the business cycle in a small open economy: G.M.M. estimation and testing with French data

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