上市公司资本结构的现状及其优化对策——来自纺织服装行业的实践

资本结构是企业融资决策的核心内容,资本结构是否合理关系到企业经营绩效的高低、财务目标的实现和能否可持续发展。本文基于现代资本结构理论,运用比较分析法剖析了纺织服装上市公司资本结构的现状、问题和形成的内部因素,并提出了优化纺织服装上市公司资本结构的对策。     

从公共产品的私人供给看税收的自愿缴纳

据公共产品的私人供给与税收的自愿缴纳问题 ,提出完全信息下的税收方案 ,具有税收管理成本最低 ,逃税的超额负担得以消除的特点。如采用该税收方案作为常规税收制度的补充 ,可以达到帕累托改进的效果。     

我国基金课税若干问题探讨

近年来我国的基金业发展迅速,在经济生活中和证券市场上扮演着越来越重要的角色。但是,我国的基金税制建设却无法满足基金发展的需求。本文就基金交易和赎回的课税、基金资产投资收益的课税以及基金未实现利得的课税等若干问题进行探讨。文章侧重分析基金作为一种有别于投资者直接投资于证券市场的“间接投资”方式,在基金税制设计上应加以考虑的税收处理。     

新一轮税改致力于完成的六大任务

启动新一轮税制改革,首先必须明确它所要完成的任务。这些任务包括:恰当界定宏观税负水平;政府收入行为及其机制的规范化;融入经济全球化;与财政安排体系相协调;税收中性与税收调控相结合;提升国家竞争力。     

论我国税收信息化的建设及其意义

我国税收信息化的建设与发展,特别是金税工程的建设、税收征管软件的推广应用和出口退税管理系统的信息化建设,极大地促进了我国税收管理的现代化进程。     

关于依法治税若干问题的思考

税收是市场经济条件下国家参与社会产品分配,进行宏观调控的重要手段。因此,市场经济要求强化税收,依法治国要求依法治税。税收征收管理的过程也就是贯彻执行税法的过程,依法治税是税收工作的立足点和灵魂所在,是依法治国的重要内容,也是当代中国政府和税务工作者为之探索和实践的重大课题。离开了依法治税,不仅税收工作本身得不到保障,市场经济也不可能正常发展。     

中国企业征税制度的一种新设计:TFO税

基于信息经济学的信号显示理论，提出了基于企业主业的行业平均利润率、公司经营时间和员工数量等三大关键变量，从企业外部来确定企业纳税额的中国式企业征税新制度（即TFO税），对现行征税制度进行了有效的改进，效率更高、成本更低。     

消费税制的国际比较及其对我国的启示

消费税制改革是我国新一轮税制改革的任务之一。改革和完善我国消费税制，应借鉴国外一些成功经验，丰富和完善我国消费税的立法原则，适当扩大征税范围，调整税收负担，改革计税依据和征税方法。     

Monitoring recessions: A Bayesian sequential quickest detection method

Monitoring business cycles faces two potentially conflicting objectives: accuracy and timeliness. To strike a balance between these dual objectives, we propose a Bayesian sequential quickest detection method to identify turning points in real time with a sequential stopping time as a solution. Using four monthly indexes of real economic activity in the United States, we evaluated the method’s real-time ability to date the past five recessions. The proposed method identified similar turning-point dates as the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER), with no false alarms, but on average, it dated peaks four months faster and troughs 10 months faster relative to the NBER announcement. The timeliness of our method is also notable compared to the dynamic factor Markov-switching model: the average lead time was about five months when dating peaks and two months when dating troughs.     

Do we now collect any revenue from taxing capital income?

The U.S. income tax system has long been recognized as a hybrid of an income and consumption tax system, with elements that do not fit naturally into either pure system. What it actually is has important policy implications for, among other things, understanding the impact of moving closer to a pure consumption tax regime. In this paper, we examine the nature of the U.S. income tax system by calculating the revenue and distributional implications of switching from the current system to one form of consumption tax, a modified cash flow tax.