中国上市公司资本结构的选择——基于两种主要理论的检验

本文使用中国的数据对西方理论界解释企业资本结构选择的两个主要理论——平衡理论和优序理论进行检验。我们发现：无论是平衡理论还是优序理论都不能单独地解释中国企业资本结构的选择。中国企业向目标资本结构调整的速度比较慢，不足以说明企业有一个明确的资本结构偏好并向之不断调整。同时，中国企业未表现出与优序理论预期的在外源融资方面先债务后股权的顺序．股权融资在企业的外源融资中占有很大比例。由于我国资本市场尤其是企业债券市场发展还不太成熟．企业的法人治理结构与外国不尽相同，因此影响企业资本结构选择的因素跟外国成熟市场相比存在较大的差异。本文研究结果表明中国上市公司的资本结构反映的可能是经营者在特定财务状况下的相机选择．同时在很大程度上又是诸多外界制约因素共同作用的结果。     

Adaptation investments and homeownership

This article develops a model where ownership improves the efficiency of the housing market as it enhances the utility of housing consumption for some consumers. The model is based on an extended Hotelling–Lancaster utility approach in which the ideal variant of housing is obtainable only by adapting the home through a supplementary investment. Ownership offers low costs of adaptation, but has high contract costs compared with renting. Consumers simultaneously choose housing demand and tenure, and because of the different cost structure only consumers with strong preferences for individual adaptation of the home choose ownership. This article analyses the consumer’s optimization. The model provides an explanation for the observation that homeowners typically live in larger dwelling units than tenants. It also provides an explanation for a high price of housing services tending to reduce homeownership rates.     

论我国中小企业技术创新的困境及对策

现代意义上的竞争是科学技术的竞争,中小企业以其勇于创新的开拓精神已经成为科技成果商品化和产业化的中坚力量。因此,考察我国中小企业技术创新的现状,为我国中小企业的健康发展创造良好条件具有重大意义。本文从宏观层面探讨了制约我国中小企业技术创新的重要因素,并提出政府宏观扶持的相关对策。     

社区银行的内涵特征、历史沿革与模式创新--基于中外社区银行的内容分析与案例研究

本研究梳理了社区与社区银行的概念,通过对14组代表性定义的内容分析和编码发现传统社区银行的实质就是中小型商业银行。社区隐含了社区银行的覆盖范围、服务对象和业务特征,其服务对象没有实质差别。研究提出了社区银行的四个维度和特征,分别是银行规模、覆盖范围、服务对象和业务种类。监管机构和美国提出者更关注银行规模,而研究者特别是中国研究者更重视覆盖范围。因此,“地理范围论”和“资产规模论”基本成立,而“国别论”理论差别不大,“所有制论”和“形态论”并不成立。通过案例研究和实地调研归纳出社区银行的三种主要模式：即美国的“关系信贷”、澳大利亚的“特许经营”和中国的“金融生态”模式。其中,“特许经营”模式变相扩大了银行规模和覆盖范围两个维度,而“金融生态”模式扩展和丰富了银行规模、覆盖范围和业务种类。最后,结合发达国家的先进经验,有针对性地提出四点建议,并构建了中国社区银行建设的特征与要素模型。     

铜模浇铸阳极铜脱模剂的应用

介绍了阳极铜浇铸工艺中硫酸钡脱模剂的使用现状,在此基础上研究了粒度、添加物以及水分对脱模剂使用的影响,通过生产实验得到了脱模剂的优化条件:添加10%B2O3、40%Si O2、5%Al2O3、5%Ca O,添加物粒度150-200在目的范围,铜模预热温度200℃-220℃;提出了一种改善脱模剂使用效果的研究路线。     

Constructing a Multifactor Model for the Shanghai Stock Exchange

ABSTRACT

We examine the validity of five factor models for explaining the time-series and cross-sectional variations in stock returns in the Shanghai Stock Exchange. The factor models include four models proposed by previous literature. Moreover, we propose a four-factor model (comprising market, size, book-to-market, and sales-to-price factors) to explain variations of stock returns in the Shanghai Stock Exchange. The results show that the Shanghai stock market exhibits size, book-to-market, and sales-to-price effects. Both the adjusted coefficient of determination and regression model intercepts indicate that the proposed four-factor model explains variations of stock returns in the Shanghai Stock Exchange more effectively in comparison with other multifactor models.     

Nonparametric Evaluation of Economies of Scope in the Context of Technical Efficiency: The Case of Rice and Vegetable Farms in Korea

This paper provides a nonparametric evaluation of economies of scope in the context of technical efficiency allowing for non‐convexity, with an application to Korean rice and vegetable farms. Relying on non‐parametric‐free disposal hull and data envelopment analysis approaches and input–output data for rice and vegetable farms from the Korea Farm Household Economy Survey data collected in 2007, this article examines technical inefficiency and its decomposition under non‐convexity and convexity. Empirical measures of technical inefficiency and its decomposition results are provided, with a focus on a component of technical inefficiency associated with economies of scope (i.e. diversification benefits) under non‐convexity in production technology. The decomposition measures of technical inefficiency include pure technical inefficiency, size inefficiency and diversification inefficiency. The results provide empirical evidence supporting size‐dependent diversification strategies, where benefits of diversification are larger for small farms on average compared to those of large farms.     

Customs-related Transaction Costs,Firm Size and International Trade Intensity

customs are generally perceived as a time-consuming impediment to international trade. However, few studies have empirically examined the determinants and the impact of this type of government-imposed transaction costs. This paper analyses the role of firm size as a determinant of customs-related transaction costs, as well as the effect of firm size on the relationship between these costs and the international trade intensity of firms. The results of this study indicate that customs-related transaction costs repress international trade activities of firms, even at low levels of these costs. The paper identifies transaction-related economies of scale, simplified customs procedures and advanced information and communication technology as main determinants of customs-related transaction costs. It is shown that when these factors are taken into account, firm size has no effect on customs-related transaction costs. Policy implications are considered for firm strategy and public policy.     

Reexamining the Expected Effect of Available Resources and Firm Size on Firm Environmental Orientation: An Empirical Study of UK Firms

An emergent body of literature examined why some firms apply some environmental initiatives while other firms do not take responsibility for their natural environment? Thus, firm environmental orientation (responsiveness and performance) are linked in the literature to several variables. Unfortunately, the relationship between firm environmental orientation and either available resources or firm size showed mixed results and inconclusive evidence. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to show empirically how available resources and firm size can explain differences in firm environmental responsiveness and environmental performance. Econometric results of environmental responsiveness using the logistic regression model demonstrated that firm size does appear to add something unique in explaining differences in environmental responsiveness while available resource can be safely dropped from the model. However, econometric analysis of environmental performance using the maximum-likelihood random effects model showed strong evidence that available resources and firm size are significant predictors of firm environmental performance.     

Invariances and Diversities in the Patterns of Industrial Evolution: Some Evidence from Italian Manufacturing Industries

This work explores and compares some basic properties of corporate growth process at both aggregate manufacturing level and disaggregated sectoral levels. Using an extensive dataset on Italian manufacturing firms, we investigate which properties of firm growth dynamics are robust under disaggregation. We compare the results obtained with three different definitions of firm size, namely total sales, number of employees and value added. Our analysis suggests that while different sectors are characterized by significant differences in firm size distributions, in the degrees of concentration and in the autoregressive structure of the growth processes, there are also regularities which hold across all of them, such as the approximate unit root nature of the growth process and the power exponential shape of the growth rates density. Together, these “stylized facts” suggest challenging puzzles on the drivers of corporate growth and the resulting industrial structures.