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141.
Abstract

This paper investigates the spurious regression in the spatial setting where the regressant and regressors may be generated from possible nonstationary spatial autoregressive processes. Under the near unit root specification with a row-normalized spatial weights matrix, it is shown that the possible spurious regression phenomena in the spatial setting are relatively weaker than those in the nonstationary time series scenario. The regression estimates might or might not converge to 0. The divergence might occur only when the regressant has a near unit root much closer to unity than that of the regressor. For the t and F statistics, there could be over-rejection of the null of uncorrelatedness under certain situations, but they do not diverge. However, the coefficient of determination R 2 converges to 0, which provides strong evidence of the spurious regression even when t and F statistics are large. Simulation results about different statistics are in line with the theoretical results we derive in this paper.

Non-stationnarité spatiale et fausse régression: l'argument pour la matrice de pondération spatiale à normalisation ‘row-normalized’

RÉSUMÉ?La présente communication se penche sur la fausse régression dans les cadres spatiaux, o[ugrave] des variables dépendantes et des variables explicatives peuvent être produites par d’éventuels procédés autorégressifs spatiaux non stationnaires. Dans le cadre de la spécification de la racine quasi-unitaire, avec une matrice de pondération spatiale normalisée ‘row-normalized’, il est démontré que les phénomènes de fausse régression dans les cadres spatiaux sont relativement plus faibles que ceux du scénario à série chronologique non stationnaire. Pour les statistiques t et F, on pourra assister à une sur-réjection du néant de la non corrélation dans certaines circonstances, mais aucune divergence. Toutefois, le coefficient de détermination R2 converge vers 0, en apportant ainsi une preuve substantielle de la fausse, même en présence de statistiques t et F élevées. Les résultats des simulations sur différentes statistiques sont en accord avec les résultats théoriques que nous dérivons dans la présente communication.

No estacionariedad espacial y regresión falsa: el caso con la matriz de pesos espaciales standardizada por filas

RÉSUMÉ?Este trabajo investiga la regresión falsa en el ámbito espacial donde la variable dependiente y las variables independientes pueden generarse a partir de posibles procesos autorregresivos espaciales no estacionarios. Bajo la especificación de raíz unitaria con una matriz de pesos espaciales estandarizada por filas, se muestra que los posibles fenómenos de regresión falsa son relativamente más débiles que los del caso de la serie de tiempo no estacionario. En las estadísticas t y F, podría producirse un sobrerrechazo de la hipótesis nula de incorrelación bajo ciertas situaciones, pero no son divergentes. No obstante, el coeficiente de determinación R2 converge a 0, lo que ofrece una evidencia fuerte de la regresión falsa incluso cuando las estadísticas t y F son amplias. Los resultados de simulación sobre diferentes estadísticas se mantienen en línea con los resultados teóricos que obtenemos en este trabajo.

  相似文献   
142.
文章介绍了汽车可靠性试验的定义和汽车可靠性试验方法种类,通过实际的汽车开发项目,探讨了进行经济有效的汽车可靠性试验的方法。  相似文献   
143.
    
  相似文献   
144.
目前,挖掘机正被广泛应用于基本建设的各个领域,为了适应各种不同的复杂作业需求,施工中需要频繁更换不同工作装置,挖掘机快换装置用于各类工作装置机具的快速更换,可提高工作效率实现一机多能。  相似文献   
145.
    
In this paper, we provide an intensive review of the recent developments for semiparametric and fully nonparametric panel data models that are linearly separable in the innovation and the individual-specific term. We analyze these developments under two alternative model specifications: fixed and random effects panel data models. More precisely, in the random effects setting, we focus our attention in the analysis of some efficiency issues that have to do with the so-called working independence condition. This assumption is introduced when estimating the asymptotic variance–covariance matrix of nonparametric estimators. In the fixed effects setting, to cope with the so-called incidental parameters problem, we consider two different estimation approaches: profiling techniques and differencing methods. Furthermore, we are also interested in the endogeneity problem and how instrumental variables are used in this context. In addition, for practitioners, we also show different ways of avoiding the so-called curse of dimensionality problem in pure nonparametric models. In this way, semiparametric and additive models appear as a solution when the number of explanatory variables is large.  相似文献   
146.
    
Unequal distribution of fiscal resources and lower prioritization of budget towards healthcare are the most important challenges in achieving universal health coverage in India. This study has examined relationships between government health expenditure and fiscal space (i.e. tax revenue, non-tax revenue, fiscal transfer, and borrowings) in twenty-one states of India for the period of 1980–2014. Our panel regression results imply that mobilization of tax revenue has a positive impact, while borrowings have a negative impact on the allocation of government expenditure on healthcare in the long-run. The panel quantile regression results show that states associated with the low and middle level of revenue growth have been mobilizing finance through central government transfer and borrowings in short-run. Further, the panel vector error correction models show that sum of the lagged coefficients of borrowings have a greater impact on health financing process as compared to other sources of fiscal space at short-run, and the speed of adjustment towards long-run equilibrium is relatively slower. The overall analysis concludes that less domestic revenue mobilization and higher dependency of borrowings for healthcare financing may create fiscal stress on state finances in the long-run, and thereby it could possibly reduce the prioritization of spending. Therefore, improvement in revenue growth and proper utilization of fiscal transfer would be appropriate policy implications from this study.  相似文献   
147.
ABSTRACT

This paper studies the relationship between the use of management control systems and different types of innovation (product and process), taking into account innovation contexts (high-tech versus low-tech sectors). We develop and test our hypotheses based on a large sample of Spanish manufacturing firms and find that input controls have a positive association only with process innovation in both innovation contexts. Behavior controls have similar effects on both types of innovation outcomes for high-tech firms, while they have stronger positive associations with process than with product innovation for low-tech firms. Output controls are equally relevant for product and process innovation in both contexts.  相似文献   
148.
钱学斌 《民营科技》2013,(12):124-124
本文主要是用单片机AT89S52为控制核心元件,设计了一个电子琴。核心主控为单片机,与键盘模块、扬声器模块等组成核心控制,主控模块上有16个按键和扬声器。系统稳定性良好,特点是硬件电路简单,软件功能完善,控制系统可靠,性价比较高等,具有一定的实用和参考价值。  相似文献   
149.
文章运用Panel Data的单位根检验、协整检验及误差修正模型对我国东、中、西部三个地区的国内生产总值和能源消费之间的关系进行论证分析。结果表明,我国三个地区的GDP和能源消费之间都存在长期协整关系。通过进一步的Granger因果关系检验发现:在5%显著性水平下,东部地区存在由能源消费到GDP单向的短期因果关系,西部地区短期内则存在能源消费与GDP的双向因果关系。不仅如此,长期来看,西部地区存在由GDP到能源消费的单向因果关系,中部地区的检验结果不同于东部和中部地区,无论是在长期还是短期,中部地区的GDP和能源消费之间不存在任何长期或短期的因果关系。最后提出相应的政策建议。  相似文献   
150.
    
It is widely understood that the insurance and banking sectors of every economy perform some functions in driving economic growth. What is not yet well documented is whether their roles are complimentary or substitutive. With the aid of the dynamic panel generalized method of moments (GMM) estimation technique, this paper evaluates the synergistic effect of both sectors on economic growth in a panel of 10 African countries that are responsible for most of the activities in the continent’s financial sector. The insurance-banking-growth nexus was also examined through bootstrap panel causality tests. The results show that the life insurance market and the banking sector, as well as the non-life insurance market and the banking sector, are complimentary. We find that, overall, the relationship between the insurance and banking sectors in Africa is a complimentary one and that their synergistic impact on economic growth is positive. The feedback hypothesis was also confirmed in the relationship between the insurance sector and economic growth and between the banking sector and economic growth.  相似文献   
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