研发投入、专利与经营绩效实证研究:以台湾为例

世界各国将研发作为可持续发展驱动力,以研发投入作为创新政策工具之一,并将专利产出作为评估指标。基于台湾新竹科学园区6大产业1989-2012年经营绩效、研发投入、专利数和投资金额数据,运用回归分析方法探讨了研发投入、专利与经营绩效之间的关系与影响。结果显示,政府研发投入与企业经营绩效正相关;研发投入与专利数正相关,但专利件数与经营绩效相关性较弱;企业投资规模与园区经营绩效正相关。进一步验证了政府将研发投入作为创新政策工具的有效性,可为政府及企业制定研发创新政策提供参考。     

基于联合申请专利的企业研发合作网络研究

以日本三大汽车公司为研究对象,利用J-GLOBAL数据库中2006-2010年联合申请专利中的共同申请人信息,构建了丰田、日产和本田3个汽车生产企业的研发合作网络,运用社会网络分析理论与方法对研发合作网络特征指标进行了计算与分析。研究表明：日本三大汽车公司的研发合作网络具有星形网络结构特征;日本三大汽车公司研发合作网络中的大部分节点是其原材料、零部件等供应商,重要供应商在网络中处于重要地位。     

In search of parents’ knowledge for joint venture’s innovation

The purpose of this paper is to clarify the concept of dynamic capabilities from the knowledge-based perspective, including knowledge relatedness and knowledge learning, and to investigate the dynamic capabilities on innovation performance in joint venture. Negative binomial regression is used to test the hypotheses in a panel data of 183 joint venture cases. Significant relationships are found between dynamic capabilities and innovation performance. Moreover, the moderating roles of parent patents granted before, parent knowledge diversity and joint venture knowledge diversity are recognised and are hypothesised as positively moderating the effect of knowledge relatedness on innovation performance, but parent patents granted before and joint venture knowledge diversity are hypothesised as negatively tending to moderate the effect of knowledge learning on innovation performance. The findings support our prediction and policy implications are discussed.     

中国企业质押专利特征分析——基于区域视角

以中国知识产权局公布的2008-2012年度专利权质押登记数据为依据,基于区域视角,分析了企业专利权质押中专利数量、类型、技术领域、年龄、发明人数等信息。结果显示:1各地质押专利数量逐年增加,其中东部地区发展最为迅速;2质押专利中发明专利和实用新型专利数量多于外观设计专利;3东部地区质押专利中发明和实用新型专利主要分布在作业运输、物理和电学等技术领域,中部地区化学冶金类质押专利数量较多,西部地区生活必需品类质押专利占居榜首,各区域质押专利中外观设计专利大多为日常生活用品;4各区域质押专利平均年龄从小到大依次为东部、中部、西部;5各区域大多数质押专利发明人数为1人,合作发明完成的质押专利占比较少。     

专利成果合作产业化价值的实物期权评价

对专注于技术创新的研发型企业,甚至包括一些有实力的综合型企业而言,专利成果自主产业化并不见得有成本优势。基于实物期权的合作产业化价值评价表明,在成本不确定性达到一定程度时,合作产业化不失为一种有效的可选策略。企业可以通过分辨不同成本状态时合作产业化带来的价值增值量,根据自身情况进行权衡,理性决策合作与否。     

The knowledge production of ‘R’ and ‘D’

Many studies investigate the relationship between R&D and patents applying knowledge production functions. Using aggregated R&D may underestimate the productivity of ‘R’, as mainly ‘R’ but not ‘D’ leads to patents. Disaggregating ‘R’ and ‘D’ shows a significant premium of ‘R’ towards patenting.     

高速铁路对中国省际知识溢出的影响——基于空间计量模型的实证分析

基于文献综述探究高速铁路对知识溢出的影响机理,利用2003—2020年中国30个省（自治区、直辖市）（考虑到数据的可获得性和有效性,研究样本不包括海南省以及港澳台地区。）的专利面板数据,通过莫兰指数（Moran’s I）对中国知识产出的空间集聚特征进行刻画,并构建空间计量模型实证研究高速铁路对中国省际知识溢出的影响效应及溢出距离。研究发现：(1)专利空间布局从2008—2015年呈现出空间集聚性,且该集聚性不断增强,2015年后集聚性逐渐趋于平缓;(2)高速铁路对省际知识溢出具有显著正向影响,且该影响正在随着铁路网络的完善而不断增强;(3)高速铁路对省际知识溢出的影响存在一定距离限制,具体而言,2012年中国高速铁路限制距离为2096千米,误差范围不超过±29千米;2017年有效限制距离为2188千米,误差范围不超过±63千米,且随着高速铁路的发展,预计该限制距离将会逐年增大。基于研究结论,提出了合理促进高速铁路和知识溢出协同提升和均衡发展的对策建议。     

Indicators of development or dependency in disguise? Assessing domestic inventive capacity in South Korean and Chinese infrastructural ICT standards

Domestic infrastructural information and communication technology (ICT) standards can be items of assertion for newly industrialised countries as they signal a capacity for breaking dependence on foreign technology and potentially drawing revenue from international export. This paper asks, with an in-depth study of a selection of recent South Korean and Chinese infrastructural ICT standards, to what degree it is warranted to correlate the production of standards with dependency-breaking technological capacity. A composite picture is found. On one side, a large portion of promoted domestic standards are creative imitations of foreign technologies with limited, if any, proportions of embedded domestic patents. This indicates a lack of capacity for challenging technological dependence. On the other side, several of the technologies studied signal emerging South Korean and Chinese capacity for embedding cutting-edge patents in infrastructural ICT standards when participating in global standardisation consortiums.     

The transformation of national patents for high-technology exports: Moderating effects of national cultures

National culture as an informal institution influences the national absorptive capacity (NAC) measured in patents per capita in the upstream and entrepreneurial activity in the downstream. Does national culture moderate the link between NAC and high-technology exports? We explored this question in a comprehensive study design. Based on a panel of 101 countries over 21 years, first, we assessed the direct effect of NAC on high-technology exports in the baseline hypothesis. Then, we analysed the moderating role of national culture between the country’s NAC and high-technology exports. The results show several insights from the comparison between the literature and our evidence. (i) We proposed that power distance negatively moderates patent and high-tech exports; the results show a positive correlation of the interaction. (ii) We proposed that individualist culture positively moderates patent and high-technology exports; the results show a positive correlation of the interaction. (iii) We proposed that high masculinity has no moderating effects; the results show a positive interaction effect. (iv) We proposed that uncertainty avoidance negatively moderates the link between NAC and high-technology exports; the results show negative and significant moderation without the introduction of long-term orientation; however, it is non-significant after the introduction of long-term orientation. Last, (v) we proposed that long-term orientation positively moderates the link between NAC and high-technology exports; the results are positive and significant without uncertainty avoidance, and they are non-significant with uncertainty avoidance in the analysis. Uncertainty avoidance and long-term orientation neutralise each other’s effects. Based on these insights, we contribute to the literature in three ways. First, we address the issue of high-technology exports in international business at the national level and link it to the vertical transformation of national science in patents per capita. Second, we contribute to the institutional theory encompassing informal norms (culture) and formal rules (policy) in the flow of NAC to commercial performance. Third, we make several policy-related suggestions.