Governance and control in distributed ledgers: Understanding the challenges facing blockchain technology in financial services

As blockchain platforms are becoming increasingly noticeable in financial services and beyond, questions arise regarding their suitability to compete with or replace existing payment systems and marketplaces and redesign the financial infrastructures of the future. Prominent among these concerns are issues around governance and control in distributed ledgers: How are distributed ledger technologies governed? Can blockchains address complex administration problems? What key issues of note for practitioners and academics have emerged thus far? In this paper we aim to review the existing governance practices of established or popular blockchain and decentralized autonomous organization (DAO) systems with a view to understanding how they hold up in times of crises. What questions are raised when they are compromised or faced consensus challenges in coordinating action especially around control and accountability? We use a translational process, generating focal insights about present concerns from the reference point of completed academic studies and extensive practitioner consultation. Rather than adopting a declarative approach attempting to provide all the answers, we draw insights from the IT platform governance literature to offer a critical perspective for asking the right questions around key governance issues in financial infrastructure such as decision rights, control mechanisms, and incentives.     

快速发展的跨境电子商务与第三方支付管理探究

本文分析了跨境电子商务与第三方支付发展状况及特点,研究了跨境电子商务与第三方支付存在的问题和困难,对促进跨境电子商务与第三方支付发展提出了政策建议.     

医疗保险支付方式的经济分析

本文在对医疗保险市场道德风险分析的基础上,运用经济学原理对医疗保险市场支付方式的作用机制进行了深入研究.结果表明,医疗保险支付方式不仅是一种医疗消耗的补偿手段,而且还是有效控制医疗费用,保障患者健康,正确引导供需双方行为,抑制道德风险的关键.因此,为了抑制供需双方的道德风险,控制医疗费用的不合理增长,医疗保险支付方式成为保险机构的首选工具.     

WTO争端解决机制在“贸易与环境”问题上的裁量标准——对“中国—原材料出口限制案”的思考

WTO争端解决机制在处理与环境问题有关的贸易争端方面已具备一定经验,但近年来,国际环境情势的变迁,使这一机制不得不考虑其作为人类事务逻辑链上一环的作用,认真审度"贸易与环境"问题的裁量标准,"中国—原材料出口限制案"或是一次挑战性的尝试。本案中,该机制既要依循WTO规则保障申诉方的贸易权益,也要考虑被诉方国内环境政策的目标和价值,为此,须着力解决好一些左右其裁量标准、进而影响其裁决结果的根本性问题。     

完善我国财政转移支付制度的思考——基于政府间行为分析

近年来，我国转移支付的规模呈逐年扩大之势，转移支付中的问题也层出不穷。本文通过分析我国财政转移支付的现状，认为产生各种问题的原因主要在于政府间事权与财权划分不清、预算的模糊和非刚性以及转移支付管理的弱化。其本质原因在于政府问权力的划分及由此衍生出的利益之争。因此，要想有效发挥我国转移支付制度的设计目标，就必须从清晰界定政府间的事权与财权，细化预算、保证预算的规范透明并对预算实施有效监督，以及制定规范转移支付的法律法规等方面去完善。     

网络支付安全的账户管理对策——基于国内外银行个人账户管理的实证分析

网络支付的安全主要是银行账户信息及账户资金的安全问题,银行账户是网络支付的源头,本文分析了国内外银行账户构造的不同,指出我国银行个人结算账户最突出的隐患在于兼具储蓄和支付功能,并据此从账户管理角度对网络支付安全提出了建议。     

当前广东跨境贸易人民币结算状况分析

从2009年7月开始,截至2011年3月,广东作为第一批试点省份,跨境贸易人民币结算显示三个突出特征,亦即,人民币结算规模不大;区域范围主要集中在对港澳台及东盟贸易;主要集中于进口,出口所占比重很小。这三个特征的出现,估计主要与广东进出口结构、人民币升值趋势、出口企业竞争力以及人民币国际地位有关。     

Distal order effects in stated preference surveys

Stated preference researchers have previously demonstrated that a good's placement among a sequence of goods in a set of valuation questions (i.e. proximal order effects) can have a substantial impact on people's valuations of these different goods. However, the economic consequences of potential order effects stemming from other questions in a survey, prior to the valuation tasks, have received surprisingly little attention. Using an online climate change survey, we identify order effects created by prior attitude-elicitation questions, and we assess the potential impact of these distal order effects on willingness to pay (WTP) estimates for stylized climate change policies. We find that the order used in prior questions may change people's opinions toward various attributes of the good to be valued, and thereby change WTP by a substantial amount. This paper emphasizes the significance of order effects stemming from preliminary survey questions, and supports a call for diligence in the random ordering of all potentially influential preliminary information in stated preference surveys to minimize inadvertent effects from any single arbitrary ordering.     

海峡两岸贸易人民币结算及其制度构想

2010年9月中旬,跨境贸易人民币结算的境外试点地区由东盟和港澳扩大到所有国家和地区,两岸贸易初步具备了由美元转向以人民币结算的条件。海峡两岸贸易人民币结算有别于大陆与其他国家或地区贸易人民币结算的若干特性,实现两岸贸易人民币结算必须解决国际市场用以结算的人民币来源,台湾企业持有的人民币自由兑换与再投资,多样的两岸贸易人民币结算渠道等问题。     

论加强对虚拟货币市场的监管

随着信息技术与互联网的高速发展,虚拟货币成为必不可少的网络小额支付手段,其方便、快捷、高效和经济的结算方式带来了极大的社会效益,但其应用也带来了诸多风险。本文从虚拟货币的定义、功能、特点入手,分析虚拟货币市场潜在的风险,并提出相关监管建议。