论国际货币清算规则下的本币金融开放

与目前社会上普遍存在的认知不同,本文认为我国的金融对外开放早已启动,只不过是以外币开放的形式进行。根据货币的国际清算规则,这种以外币主导的金融开放,其结果只是使国内涉外领域中的货币错配现象日趋严重．迄今为止,也还没有任何一个发展中国家能够在外币主导的金融对外开放中获得成功。而以人民币开展跨境贸易结算所带来的本币金融对外开放则有实质性的不同,依据目前跨境贸易人民币结算的两种清算模式．人民币的对外开放,不仅降低了开放难度和货币错配风险,且对外风险可控,有利于金融市场自然形成对外开放和金融服务水平的提高。     

非现金支付结算对现金流通的影响研究

近年来,随着支付基础设施的不断建成和完善、支付服务组织的健全以及社会信用的发展,非现金支付结算工具的推广应用越来越广泛。本文从理论和实证两个方面研究了非现金支付结算工具的发展对区域现金流通的影响,探索非现金支付结算对流通中现金影响的传导途径,创造性地使用现金结算量作为现金流通状况的测度指标,在进行多元线性回归分析后,采用向量自回归模型(VAR)探讨各类非现金支付工具发展对现金流通的影响程度,认为非现金支付结算方式对现金的替代效果不明显。在对此进行原因分析的基础上,本文得出"增量替代"效应的新思路。     

农民工工伤保险模式设计与仿真

农民工工伤保险模式要求在政府统一的农民工社会保障体系下,实行缴费资金先由省市政府统一管理、再逐步发展为全国统一的管理体系,实行单位缴费,个人不承担。文章在重点调查研究农民工工伤保险现状基础上提出合理的工伤保险缴费和待遇新模式,并进行计算机仿真计算,检验设计的模式是否科学、合理和可操作的。     

新疆公立医院采购支出与付款内部控制研究

公立医院在采购支出与付款内部控制中存在着诸多问题。因此,加强医院自身的内部控制,建立公立医院采购支出与付款内部控制行之有效的监督制约机制十分必要。本文以若干家公立医院调查数据为依据,采用实证分析的方法对有关问题进行了分析,得出有关研究结论,并对公立医院如何进一步加强采购支出与付款内部控制提出了建议。     

垂直财政不对称与收入不平等——基于转移支付依赖的门槛效应分析

收入分配不平等是现阶段我国社会的主要矛盾之一。本文实证考察了分税制改革以来政府间纵向财政分配体制对居民收入差距的影响。结果显示,垂直财政不对称提高总体上未起到缩小居民收入分配差距的作用。转移支付依赖度较低时,垂直财政不对称提高有助于降低居民收入不平等;而转移支付依赖度超过某个阈值时,垂直财政不对称提高反而加剧居民收入分配不均衡。在一般性转移支付的门槛效应中,垂直财政不对称提高会降低收入不平等;在专项转移支付的门槛效应中,垂直财政不对称对收入不平等的影响呈现“U型”关系。这意味着政府间财政分配关系改革应合理控制转移支付规模,进一步提高一般性转移支付的比重。     

Reverse Payments and Risk of Bankruptcy Under Private Information

Abstract

In the pharmaceutical industry, a reverse payment (pay-for-delay) is a payment from an originator to a generic producer to delay her entry. In some recent cases, the US and EU antitrust authorities have banned these agreements per se, while in others they have used a rule of reason. This paper analyzes their dynamic effects and shows that a ban per se may reduce consumer surplus when the generic producer may go bankrupt and her financial situation is private information. Reverse payments are more beneficial when competition among few players is soft, the economy is in a downturn, and the period of drug usage after patent expiry is long. Results suggest that a rule of reason is more suited than a ban per se.     

Game-theoretic foundations of monetary equilibrium

According to theory, money supports trade in a world without enforcement and, in particular, in large societies, where gift-exchange is unsustainable. It is demonstrated that, in fact, monetary equilibrium breaks down in the absence of adequate enforcement institutions and it collapses as societies that lack external enforcement grow large. This unique result is derived by unveiling the existence of a tacit enforcement assumption in the literature that explains the advantages from monetary exchange, and by integrating monetary theory with the theory of repeated games and social norms.     

Deal characteristics and M&A performance: How do hospitality firms fare?

The global hospitality industry has experienced significant consolidation in the past several decades. While evidence in the general business literature suggests that the target firm shareholders gain instead of the acquiring firm shareholders, some studies in the hospitality industry have suggested that mergers and acquisitions (M&As) are also beneficial to acquiring firms. Using a comparative study design and a comprehensive sample over 41 years, we empirically examine whether M&As create more value in the hospitality industry than in other industries and whether certain deal characteristics may explain the potential performance differential. Overall, we find that M&As in the hospitality industry outperform M&As in non-hospitality sectors. When examining deal attributes, we find that relative size of target, cash method of payment, and an unlisted target are characteristics positively related to merger performance and help explain some of the performance differential. We contribute theoretically and empirically to the literature by demonstrating that industry and deal effects play an important role in M&A performance.     

WHAT CAN WE LEARN FROM THE IMPLEMENTATION OF MONETARY AND MACROPRUDENTIAL POLICIES: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW

The emergence of macroprudential policies, implemented by central banks as a means of promoting financial stability, has raised many questions regarding the interaction between monetary and macroprudential policies. Given the limited number of studies available, this paper sheds light on this issue by providing a critical and systematic review of the literature. To this end, we divide the theoretical and empirical studies into two broad channels of borrowers – consisting of the cost of funds and the collateral constraint – and financial intermediaries – consisting of risk‐taking and payment systems. In spite of the existing ambiguity surrounding coordination issues between monetary and macroprudential policies, it is argued that monetary policy alone is not sufficient to maintain macroeconomic and financial stability. Hence, macroprudential policies are needed to supplement monetary. In addition, we find that the role of the exchange rate is critical in the implementation of monetary and macroprudential policies in emerging markets, while volatile capital flows pose another challenge. In so far as how the arrangement of monetary and macroprudential policies varies across countries, key theoretical and policy implications have been identified.     

化妆品灌装间紫外线消毒后的效果观察

文章采用自然沉降法,对化妆品灌装间紫外线消毒后的效果进行监测。监测3次得出结论：在消毒后一个工作日内至22个小时内,灌装车间空气质量符合化妆品卫生规范要求。