Cyclical behavior of the financial stability of eurozone commercial banks

In light of the financial crisis and the European sovereign debt crisis, we investigate the cyclical behavior of the financial stability of banks of the Eurozone, using an unbalanced dynamic panel of 722 commercial banks covering the period 1999–2013, and the generalized method of moments system. We find a negative relationship between business cycle and bank risk-taking, indicating that financial stability is procyclical. In addition, the study shows that lending activity increases risk-taking while rising capital requirements boost financial stability. Moreover, our findings suggest positive co-movements between the business cycle and lending, compared to bank's capital, whereby the procyclicality of lending and bank capital have negative effects on the financial stability of commercial banks in the Eurozone. We notice then that the cyclical behavior of commercial banks, in terms of capital requirements and lending activities, depends on their size. Therefore, lending and capital of smaller banks are procyclical while lending and capital of larger banks are countercyclical. Finally, we find the Troika institutions’ bailouts programs significantly impacted banking stability in the Eurozone.     

经济政策不确定性与企业贷款成本

基于大样本微观银行信贷数据,本文研究经济政策不确定性对企业的银行贷款成本的影响。研究发现,经济政策不确定性升高导致企业的银行贷款成本增加,且使得在中小型银行贷款的企业成本增加更多。异质性分析表明,经济政策不确定性升高对受政策因素影响较大的企业如小微企业、私营企业等的银行贷款成本的影响更为明显。进一步,对企业的银行贷款违约风险的研究发现,随着经济政策不确定性升高,企业的银行贷款违约风险反而降低。这表明,经济政策不确定性升高使得银行选择风险评级更低的贷款,符合谨慎性动机。本文研究结论表明,经济政策不确定性升高时,银行“自我保险”动机的增强使得企业的银行贷款成本增加,这在中小型银行中表现得更加明显,同时也更多地转嫁给中小企业。本文为经济政策不确定性对企业投资、宏观经济波动等的研究提供了微观解释机制,并揭示了政府经济政策的一致性、稳定性对维护金融稳定的重要作用。     

Credit supply conditions and business cycles: New evidence from bank lending survey data

In this study, we utilize an Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model in order to investigate the impact of changing lending standards on aggregate economic activity, considering the period 2000–2017 and five major economies, that is, Canada, Germany, Japan, the UK, and the US. We capture lending conditions using bank lending survey data that help extract the credit-supply side of the shock and, thus, direct the focus onto loan supply-factors. The main findings document that shocks associated with changes in lending standards play a substantial role in determining changes in real economic activity within each country. It should also be noted that these results remain robust even when we consider a structural break in our data and investigate these effects separately for the period immediately after the outbreak of the Global Financial Crisis of 2007−09. Overall, the findings suggest that bank lending survey data provide important informational content and deepen our understanding regarding changes in real economic activity. On a final note, we provide further insights regarding the relationship of both price and non-price elements of bank lending, particularly considering the risk-taking channel of monetary policy.     

网络借贷平台风险:宏观驱动因素与监管

本文尝试从网贷平台风险的角度,讨论宏观驱动因素和监管政策对网络借贷市场的影响。首先,利用我国网贷市场有代表性的651家平台近两年的日度交易数据,我们发现网贷平台停业风险与增长速度呈负向关系。进一步分析平台增长背后的宏观驱动因素,我们发现互联网技术供给和普惠金融需求共同影响行业发展,而平台增速低于预期将增大停业风险。其次,我们发现监管政策的出台有效降低了平台停业风险,并且降低了平台正常经营对高增长的依赖。但监管政策对于高风险省份的作用弱于或不显著区别于低风险省份,表明监管效果的针对性需要加强。本文对进一步完善网贷行业监管政策及产业政策有参考意义。     

房价上涨对P2P网络借贷成本的影响分析——来自“人人贷”的经验证据

本文利用中国P2P行业代表企业“人人贷”网络贷款平台的交易数据和中国70个大中城市的房价数据,实证研究了房价上涨对P2P网络借贷市场上的借款利率所产生的影响。实证结果表明,房价上涨显著增加了P2P借贷市场上的借款利率。进一步分析发现,房价上涨对P2P借贷市场上生产经营类、买房类和其他消费类借款项目的借款利率均具有显著的正向影响,且这一增加效应在生产经营类和买房类借款项目中体现得更为明显。此外,基于异质性的分析还发现,相比于一二线城市,房价上涨对三四线城市借款项目的借款利率影响更大。本文的研究发现,房价上涨对新兴互联网信贷市场的影响机制存在,这为相关部门制定房价调控和互联网金融监管政策提供了参考和补充。     

房价波动、银行信贷与经济增长

运用联立方程模型、面板分析技术及省际面板数据研究发现,我国房价波动、银行信贷与经济增长之间具有紧密的联系.分区域的实证研究结果显示:各地区房价的上涨与金融支持有关,过度的金融支持使东中部地区的房价偏离了经济基本面;中西部地区房价的上涨对银行信贷的扩张有显著影响,而经济增长是各地区促进银行信贷扩张的共同因素.此外,房价的上涨与银行信贷的扩张共同促进了我国各区域经济的繁荣.     

利率调整对股票价格的短长期效应研究

股票市场在资本市场中扮演重要角色,基准利率的利率调整是货币当局调控股票市场的重要工具。本文从定性和定量两个角度研究基准利率的利率调整对股票价格变动的短长期影响。本文采用Granger因果检验对存款基准利率的调整与上证指数的变动的关系进行研究,结果发现二者不存在因果关系。     

言之有物:网络借贷中语言有用吗?——来自人人贷借款描述的经验证据

本文以“人人贷”平台的388522条借款标的为样本,基于借款描述文本构造P2P网络借贷词典,并探究文本中六种类型词语比重对网络借贷行为的影响,实证结果表明:首先,各类词语比重发出的信号对贷款人的投资决策有显著影响,积极类词语和金融类词语比重与借款成功率呈正相关,消极类词语比重、强语气词语比重和弱语气词语比重均与借款成功率呈负相关关系;其次,不同年龄层次和不同收入水平的借款人提供的描述性文本中词语信号对贷款人行为的影响存在较大差异,而性别差异和学历高低基本不影响词语信号作用的发挥;最后,各类词语比重发出的质量信号是部分有效的,金融类词语比重发出的信号有效且被投资者正确识别,强语气词语比重发出的信号同样有效却未被投资者准确识别,其他类别词语比重不是有效质量信号。     

Is there a bright side to government banks? Evidence from the global financial crisis

Using a sample of banks from 56 countries, this paper investigates the lending behavior of government banks during the crisis of 2008, and its association with bank performance and the economy. Contrary to the traditional wisdom, we find that government banks can play a beneficial role under certain circumstances. Government banks have higher loan growth rates than private banks during the crisis. In countries with low corruption, the increased lending by government banks is associated with better bank performance and more favorable GDP and employment growth in the crisis period. In contrast, the results for countries with high corruption are more consistent with the political view: the increased lending by government banks is associated with underperformance relative to private banks, and creates no beneficial effects on either GDP growth or employment.     

Exclusion,competition, and regulation in the retail loan market

Exclusion of borrowers from credit markets became a primary concern for regulators during the recovery from the recent recession. The paper analyzes loan-making institutions that set both interest rates and minimum credit requirements. We propose analytical measures of the degree of borrower exclusion from receiving loans. We analyze five market structures: Single lender, regulated interest rate, entry, interest rate discrimination, and highly-competitive lenders. Interest rate regulation improves total welfare relative to a single lender market. However, entry of a second lender reduces exclusion and generates higher total welfare. In the absence of fixed costs, perfect and Bertrand competition are optimal.