贷款技术、设立取址与村镇银行小微企业贷款

本文选取东中西部六个省份200家村镇银行作为研究样本,实证分析了村镇银行贷款技术、设立取址与小微企业贷款发放量之间的关系。研究结果表明：（1）经济发达地区村镇银行小微企业贷款发放量明显低于经济欠发达地区;（2）村镇银行在发放小微企业贷款时,更倾向于使用关系型贷款技术。随着地区金融基础设施的完善,村镇银行所使用的贷款技术中交易型贷款技术的比例逐渐增加,且小微企业贷款发放量也呈递增趋势;（3）当主发起人为农村金融机构时,村镇银行的小微企业贷款发放量明显高于主发起人为非农金融机构的村镇银行。因此,为了进一步缓解小微企业融资难,政府应当采取积极措施鼓励村镇银行更多的设立在能发挥其小微企业贷款比较优势的欠发达地区,尤其是当主发起人为农村金融机构时;同时,应当努力完善地区金融基础设施,以方便贷款技术的创新与应用。     

公开竞标的贷款定价方式对P2P借贷平台的优化作用

P2P借贷是一种金融创新模式,将互联网技术与民间借贷相结合。互联网信贷的巨大需求推动P2P借贷平台的爆发式发展,而P2P借贷发展核心的两个问题是信用评级和风险定价。由于我国未完全实现利率市场化,P2P平台采用的是量化借款人信息的方式计算贷款利率。信息不对称导致P2P平台的贷款利率不能充分反映借款人风险,同时造成信誉良好的借款人不能获得低成本的贷款。文章利用拍卖机制模型对公开竞标的贷款定价方式进行探究,认为公开竞标方式可以改善信息披露,降低借款人的成本,借款人和投资人在公开竞标的贷款定价方式下都可以获得灵活的选择空间,从而提高借贷成功的比例。     

Does lending relationship help or alleviate the transmission of liquidity shocks? Evidence from a liquidity crunch in China

We examine China’s June 2013 liquidity crunch as a negative shock to banks and analyze the wealth effects on exchange-listed firms. Our findings suggest that liquidity shocks to financial institutions negatively impact borrower performance, particularly borrowers reporting outstanding loans at the end of 2012. Stock valuations of firms with long-term bank relationships, however, outperform the market and experience smaller subsequent declines in investment than peers lacking solid banking relationships. This effect is the strongest for firms that enjoy good relations with China’s large state-owned banks or foreign banks, and weakest for firms whose connections are solely with local banks. We document a positive correlation between the stock performances of firms and the stock performances of lender banks and the likelihood of lender banks operating as net lenders in the interbank market. These results suggest that banks transmit liquidity shocks to their borrowing firms and that a long-term bank-firm relationship may mitigate the negative effects of a liquidity shock.     

言之有物:网络借贷中语言有用吗?——来自人人贷借款描述的经验证据

本文以“人人贷”平台的388522条借款标的为样本,基于借款描述文本构造P2P网络借贷词典,并探究文本中六种类型词语比重对网络借贷行为的影响,实证结果表明:首先,各类词语比重发出的信号对贷款人的投资决策有显著影响,积极类词语和金融类词语比重与借款成功率呈正相关,消极类词语比重、强语气词语比重和弱语气词语比重均与借款成功率呈负相关关系;其次,不同年龄层次和不同收入水平的借款人提供的描述性文本中词语信号对贷款人行为的影响存在较大差异,而性别差异和学历高低基本不影响词语信号作用的发挥;最后,各类词语比重发出的质量信号是部分有效的,金融类词语比重发出的信号有效且被投资者正确识别,强语气词语比重发出的信号同样有效却未被投资者准确识别,其他类别词语比重不是有效质量信号。     

Is there a bright side to government banks? Evidence from the global financial crisis

Using a sample of banks from 56 countries, this paper investigates the lending behavior of government banks during the crisis of 2008, and its association with bank performance and the economy. Contrary to the traditional wisdom, we find that government banks can play a beneficial role under certain circumstances. Government banks have higher loan growth rates than private banks during the crisis. In countries with low corruption, the increased lending by government banks is associated with better bank performance and more favorable GDP and employment growth in the crisis period. In contrast, the results for countries with high corruption are more consistent with the political view: the increased lending by government banks is associated with underperformance relative to private banks, and creates no beneficial effects on either GDP growth or employment.     

English commercial bank liquidity, 1860-1913

This article presents new half-yearly time series for the asset ratios of commercial banks in England and Wales, 1860-1913. The series reveal new evidence on the nature of the banks' business and are, therefore, relevant to the debate on the role of banks in British economic development. The new estimates are used to examine trends and short-term changes in bank liquidity. Analysis is concerned with the changing stability of bank asset structure and with substitutability across different asset ratios. The main finding is of a sharp, long-term increase in liquidity and a concomitant decline in bank credit to the non-bank, private sector. The article also highlights the significance of short-term shocks to the trend increase in bank liquidity. The new findings are supportive of the argument that, over time, English banks became less involved with the non-bank private sector. In general, the results confirm that the English and Welsh bank asset structure became more liquid over time. However, no detailed breakdown of bank loans to the non-bank, private sector (for example, between business loans and personal loans), is available for this period. Moreover, the current study offers no evidence as to the trend in financial provision to the business sector from institutions other than the commercial banks. Nevertheless, the results are clear in showing a strong upward trend in commercial bank liquidity and a relative decline in private sector credit provision by the commercial banks.     

Cyclical behavior of the financial stability of eurozone commercial banks

In light of the financial crisis and the European sovereign debt crisis, we investigate the cyclical behavior of the financial stability of banks of the Eurozone, using an unbalanced dynamic panel of 722 commercial banks covering the period 1999–2013, and the generalized method of moments system. We find a negative relationship between business cycle and bank risk-taking, indicating that financial stability is procyclical. In addition, the study shows that lending activity increases risk-taking while rising capital requirements boost financial stability. Moreover, our findings suggest positive co-movements between the business cycle and lending, compared to bank's capital, whereby the procyclicality of lending and bank capital have negative effects on the financial stability of commercial banks in the Eurozone. We notice then that the cyclical behavior of commercial banks, in terms of capital requirements and lending activities, depends on their size. Therefore, lending and capital of smaller banks are procyclical while lending and capital of larger banks are countercyclical. Finally, we find the Troika institutions’ bailouts programs significantly impacted banking stability in the Eurozone.     

小额贷款公司发展中面临的问题——基于与民间借贷的比较分析

2008年金融危机后,小额贷款公司在全国各地大量涌现,形成了对银行业金融机构的有效补充,为各地的中小企业发展、三农服务提供了重要的支持。但是许多小额贷款公司自身生存环境却令人担忧,普遍面临着所受管制较多,税负过重等问题,而与之相比民间借贷受到的约束却很少,税负也较轻,所以这样的环境下明显不利于小额贷款公司发展壮大。本文力图通过对比分析,找出困扰小额贷款公司发展的原因,并提出些有价值的建议。