Irresponsible Lending? A Case Study of a U.K. Credit Industry Reform Initiative

There are major concerns about the level of personal borrowing, particularly sourced from credit cards. This paper charts the progress of an initiative to create a Responsible Lending Index (RLI) for the credit industry. The RLI proposed to voluntarily benchmark lending standards and promote best practice within the credit industry by involving suppliers of credit, customer representatives and regulators. However, despite initial support from some banks, consumer bodies and the Chair of the Treasury Select Committee, it failed to gain sufficient support from financial institutions in its original format. The primary reasons for this were related to the complexity of building such a robust index and the banks trade body’s fear of exposing its members to public scrutiny. A revised alternative, the Responsible Lending Initiative, was proposed which took into account these concerns. However, the Association of Payment Clearing Service (APACS), the trade body of the credit industry, then effectively destroyed the proposal. This article describes an attempt to address the challenges in the credit card industry with the initiation of the RLI, reflected in stakeholder discourse and in the context of a wider concern expressed by the involved stakeholders in terms of the need for greater responsibility in the banking industry’s lending practices.     

中国地下金融:发展现状与理论思考

经济的二元性是发展中国家普遍存在的现象,伴随经济的二元性,正规金融体系和地下金融体系的二元分化也就成为众多发展中国家在经济市场化改革过程中难以回避的问题.近年来,我国的地下金融业出现了一个较快的发展势头,规模已经相当可观,成为影响经济运行的一股重要力量.本文在考察中国地下金融业发展现状的基础上,运用经济学理论分析了其成因及影响,而后提出中国应对地下金融的政策建议.     

境外战略投资者改变了国有商业银行的贷款行为吗——基于动态面板数据模型的经验分析

本文利用中国商业银行2002～2007年省级面板数据,从贷款行为的视角研究了引进境外战略投资者对国有商业银行的影响。运用动态面板系统广义矩估计方法,本文的计量结果显示,国有商业银行与其他商业银行的贷款行为存在着明显的差别,国有商业银行贷款增长率与盈利能力呈负相关,而其他商业银行贷款增长率与盈利能力显著正相关,这说明与国有商业银行相比,其他商业银行贷款行为更符合商业导向;引进境外战略投资者并没有带来了国有商业银行整体贷款行为的显著改善,对引资国有商业银行个体贷款行为的分析结论与之类似。本文的结论对制定中国银行业下一步改革方向具有重要的启发意义。     

农村信用社贷款利率定价面临的挑战与对策

本文以广西北海市农村信用社为例,将其贷款利率水平与全国金融机构的贷款利率水平进行比较.结论表明,农村信用社与其他金融机构的贷款利率之间是一种负相关关系,两者存在比较稳定的竞争状态.但由于农村信用社贷款利率定价受到内外部因素的制约,面对其他金融机构进入农村信贷市场的竞争,以高利率为支撑的农村信用社难以适应利率完全市场化的...     

基于结构洞理论的农村民间借贷监管研究

随着正规金融机构涉农融资增速的减缓以及农民融资需求的增加,近年来我国农村民间借贷活动更趋活跃,而监管缺失是农村民间借贷纠纷事件频繁发生的重要原因之一。本文运用结构洞理论深入分析农村民间借贷活动的特征及风险,并提出监管对策建议。     

Paying back to borrow more: Reputation and bank credit access in early America

The birth of commercial banking in New England after the American Revolution provides an important case to examine banking development under asymmetric information. Similar to credit markets in developing countries today, bank borrowers of early America usually had little or no collateral. This paper uses a unique data set based on loans between 1803 and 1833 for Plymouth Bank to examine bank lending policies in the absence of collateral. Empirical evidence suggests that borrowers with little collateral established their credit-worthiness through repeated interaction with banks.     

流动性覆盖率监管会影响货币政策传导效率吗？——来自中国银行业的证据

本文从流动性覆盖率监管要求出发,探讨了流动性监管与货币政策的协调机制问题。我们将流动性覆盖率监管要求纳入传统的Monti-Klein模型中,推导出流动性覆盖率监管对货币政策传导效率的影响及其作用机制。在此基础上,采用手工收集的我国65家商业银行2015—2019年半年度面板数据对理论假设进行实证检验。研究发现,流动性覆盖率监管要求会对货币政策传导效率产生影响,但这种影响取决于流动性监管约束下商业银行流动性管理行为的选择。商业银行主动调整融资结构、增强负债质量的行为在提高银行短期流动性水平的同时,也能显著提高货币政策传导效率,而流动性资产的囤积则可能降低货币政策传导效率。因此,应客观看待流动性覆盖率监管对货币政策传导效率的影响,引导商业银行的流动性管理行为,这将有助于实现流动性监管与货币政策有效传导的“双赢”目标。     

基于Fisher判别法的P2P网络借贷平台信誉等级评价模型

P2P网络借贷是一种新兴的互联网金融,平台的信誉是影响投资者选择平台的主要影响因素之一。选取成交积分、人气积分、营收积分、分散积分、杠杆积分、透明度、品牌、流动性、收益积分9个影响因素作为判别平台等级预测的评价指标,同时对这9个评价指标做主成分分析,提取出3个主要成分,用Fisher判别法进行训练预测,建立了基于主成分分析的网络借贷平台信誉等级预测的Fisher判别模型。通过对“网贷之家”公布的37组平台数据作为训练样本数据集进行模型的训练,12组数据作为该预测模型的测试数据,进行网络借贷平台信誉等级的预测,同时通过其他预测模型预测结果的对比,验证了Fisher判别法在网络借贷平台信誉等级的预测中具有较低的误判率,其误判率仅为1/12。     

Foreign bank lending during a crisis: The impact of financial regulations

This study examines foreign bank lending during crises by using data on 1,558 individual banks in Asian and Latin American countries during the period 1987-2013. Our results reveal that, in a crisis period, Asian banks with a higher level of foreign ownership tend to reduce their lending. Nevertheless, during crises banks consistently increase their lending in order to support their borrowers; in fact, in Latin America, crises stimulate foreign banks to lend more. Our evidence on lending during a crisis supports credit rationing theories with a flight to quality. The international substitution effect also holds based on our results. Taking financial structures and regulation into consideration, for banks with more foreign ownership in a highly concentrated financial system in Asia, the crisis has less effect on a cut in lending, while it has a greater effect on cuts in lending for countries with a higher level of government-owned assets. This paper contributes to the existing literature on the bank lending channel and provides implications for policymakers.     

P2P网络借贷市场信用风险识别

近年来,P2P网络借贷市场成为我国金融领域的重灾区,各类问题层出不穷,不仅损害了投资者利益,而且严重扰乱了我国的金融秩序,深入研究P2P网络借贷市场存在的问题具有重要现实意义。P2P网络借贷市场是信息不对称最为严重的市场之一,对借款人信用风险进行识别是P2P网络借贷的关键环节。根据信用风险定价理论,借贷利率应该充分反映违约风险,通过检验借贷利率与违约风险之间的关系可以验证借贷市场信用风险识别机制的有效性。基于“人人贷”平台公开的历史交易数据对P2P网络借贷市场的信用风险识别问题进行实证研究,结果表明:借贷利率能部分反映借款人的信用风险,但在相同的利率水平下,其他指标与违约风险也存在显著性关系,表明相同的利率未对应相同的信用风险,平台的信用风险识别机制部分有效。进一步研究表明,在缺乏成熟、易用的个人征信产品的情况下,无论借款人、P2P平台,还是投资者,对信用风险影响因素的判断与实际情况都存在一定的偏差,工作经验丰富的借款人付出了过高的借贷成本,平台在判断收入对信用风险的影响方面出现了偏差,投资者则忽视了借款人学历的价值。建议打破个人征信数据壁垒,丰富个人征信产品,保护居民信用数据安全,以保障借贷市场的持续发展。