城市家庭的经济条件、理财意识和投资借贷行为——来自全国24个城市的消费金融调查

消费金融调研是获得消费金融研究数据的一个重要途径。清华大学在2010年开展了面向全国城市居民家庭的消费金融调研。本文择要介绍了本次调研的一些成果,包括居民家庭的资产负债情况、家庭的收支状况、家庭的投资和借贷行为,以及家庭其他方面的理财意识和行为等。最后,根据调研结果对我国城市居民家庭金融的几个特点进行了总结。     

我国网络借贷行业深度转型发展的若干思考

当前我国网络借贷服务市场出清速度正不断加快。以“小额”、“分散”和“期限 短”为特征，以服务普惠金融为起点的网络借贷行业，在多因素共振下正面临深度转型。从实 践层面看，我国网络借贷行业面临的“信息中介”定位不清、大数据信用风险管理落地难以及 对投资者不设门槛等三大问题，不仅增加投资者自身面临的信用风险，也对行业稳健发展造成 巨大冲击。建议优化网络借贷平台功能定位、建立和完善网络借贷平台退出机制、设定投资者 准入门槛、推广互联网大数据共享机制建设，同时进一步提升网络借贷行业发展环境。     

P2P平台的信息不对称问题国外研究综述

信息不对称问题是困扰P2P平台发展的主要问题之一。论文重点梳理了国外学者P2P平台的信息不对称问题的研究以及由信息不对称问题引发的风险,之后针对P2P平台信息不对称问题,论文重点梳理了国外学者针对该问题的解决方案———“集体信贷”模式。最后,论文提出缓解P2P平台解决信息不对称问题的政策建议。     

What's in a relationship? The case of commercial lending

This article presents a survey and an analysis of the academic literature on relationship lending to small and mid-sized enterprises (SMEs). It is noted herein that relationship lending depends on soft (non-quantifiable) information, while other “lending technologies” depend on hard (quantifiable) information. Based on relative benefits and costs, relationship lending may be best suited for some types of SMEs, with alternate lending technologies better matched to others. Also discussed in this article are some interesting managerial and public policy issues. On the bank management dimension, relationship lending may create a special challenge for risk managers. On the public policy dimension, evidence suggests that relationship lending may be better delivered by smaller community banks; banking industry consolidation could, however, threaten the presence of such providers. Counter-intuitively, it is possible that banking industry competition may not be the best environment for relationship lending. Finally, this article highlights potentially interesting differences in the relative importance of relationship lending and the other lending technologies across countries with different financial architectures, and examines a potentially powerful link between relationship lending and monetary policy and other monetary shocks.     

A bank lending channel or a credit supply shock?

Shifts in credit supply could have a bearing on house prices e.g. through financial innovations and changes in regulation independently of the existence of a bank lending channel of monetary policy. This paper assesses the responses of US house prices to an exogenous credit supply shock and compares them with the effects from variations in credit supply associated with a bank lending channel. The contribution of the study is twofold. First, innovations in credit supply are identified using a mortgage mix variable, thereby accounting for the market-based financial intermediaries. As a robustness check a survey variable of bank lending standards for mortgage loans is also used. Second, the policy-induced credit supply effect on house prices is disentangled and compared with the effect from an exogenous credit supply shock. It is shown that in the first 3 years credit supply shocks affect house prices exogenously rather than through the bank lending channel. Monetary policy has still a large impact on house prices, even when the bank lending channel is ‘turned off’.     

Lending terms and aggregate productivity

Several empirical studies suggest that lending terms are eased in expansions and tightened in recessions, thereby influencing the mix of financed entrepreneurs. We study a model of adverse selection in competitive financial markets and show that lending terms deteriorate with the aggregate state under two general conditions. If exogenous increments to entrepreneurs׳ productivity raise returns to investment and/or tighten the credit line needed to screen out a given entrepreneur type, competition results in contracts with less screening. Two endogenous effects on productivity emerge. Production scales grow closer to optimal, but lower productivity entrepreneurs enter the mix of producers. The positive (negative) effect dominates at low (high) aggregate states.     

Subprime Mortgage Tremors: An International Issue

The subprime mortgage crisis has negatively affected individuals, investors, lenders, and economies worldwide. This paper first examines contributing factors of the crisis: predatory lending, predatory borrowing and mortgage fraud, unethical practices, unregulated mortgage brokers, off-balance-sheet activity, and the infusion of capital from Asia that provided the fuel for subprime mortgage activity to continue. International markets have both suffered from and contributed to the crisis. Legislation that has been enacted or recommended in the U.S. and the European Union is reviewed. We then make recommendations which could begin to restore confidence of consumers and investors worldwide; however, it is clear that laws and regulations must be enacted quickly to correct the situation and bring stability to investment markets.      

鄂尔多斯地区民间借贷及其监管对策研究

鄂尔多斯地区民间借贷在近年来发展速度与规模非常快,对地区经济成长与发展起到积极推动作用的同时,其带来的一系列问题也成为人们关注的热点。游离于监管体制外的大量民间资金的存在也严重影响了国家宏观调控政策实施的效果,对地区社会经济稳定和金融安全带来巨大隐患,在分析鄂尔多斯民间借贷特点和形成原因的基础上,针对性提出了推动鄂尔多斯金融稳定健康发展的对策与措施。     

美国最优贷款利率功能的转变及对我国的启示

文中阐述了美国最优贷款利率功能上的转变以及在贷款定价方面的重要地位,并讨论了美国国内关于最优贷款利率的争议,力图对我国推进利率市场化将具有积极的借鉴和启示意义。     

The effect of cash flow statement format on lenders' decisions

This study investigates bank loan officers' use of financial information and reports, in particular, cash flow information and the statement of cash flow (SCF), in making lending decisions. Subjects were drawn from four groups of frequent users of financial reports-bank loan officers, auditors, financial analysts and accounting academics. Each subject was presented with the annual reports of two loan applicant companies to make two independent lending decisions based on the information provided. The SCF of one of the companies was presented in the direct format, while the other was presented in the indirect format. The indirect format of SCF was used as a surrogate for the funds flow statement. Results show that, while cash flow was the second most used financial information, the majority of the subjects obtained this information from financial statements other than the SCF, notably, the balance sheet. In terms of financial report usage, notes to the financial statements, rather than the SCF, was most frequently used. No subject made use of the incremental information provided in the SCF presented in the direct format. The results suggest that loan officers do not use the cash flow information provided by the SCF, but rely on the accounting information provided in the FFS and accrual-based financial reports.