Relationship Commitment and Ethical Consumer Behavior in a Retail Setting: The Case of Receiving Too Much Change at the Checkout

In this study, we conducted two experiments to examine the effect of relationship commitment on the reaction of shoppers to receiving too much change, controlling for the amount of excess change. Hypotheses based on equity theory, opportunism and guilt were set up and tested. The first study showed that, when the less committed consumer is confronted with a large excess of change, he/she is less likely to report this mistake, compared with a small excess. Conversely, consumers with a high commitment towards the retailer are more likely to tell when they receive too much change, especially when the amount is large. The second experiment provided an explanation for these findings: the less committed consumer is driven by opportunism, whereas guilt-related feelings play an important role in a high commitment relationship. These results have several implications for both retail management and future research.     

The Ethics of Insider Trading Revisited

Following Manne (1966, Insider Trading and the Stock Market (New York, Free Press)) we introduce a distinction between insider trading and market manipulation on the one hand and corporate insiders versus misappropriators on the other hand. This gives rise to four types of alleged inside transactions. We argue that the literature on insider trading has often targeted inside transactions type II, III and IV but that these arguments do not necessarily hold for type I transactions. We look for consequentionalist as well as non-consequentionalist arguments against type I transactions and demonstrate that these are hard to find. Throughout the article we refer extensively to the economic literature on insider trading in order to overcome a relative divide between the economic, legal, and philosophical discussion on insider trading.

Strategic Manipulation of Preference Information in Multi-Criteria Group Decision Methods

When group decisions involve the allocation of resources to group members, the members might have an incentive to strategically distort any information they provide in order to increase their share of resources. The paper compares several multi-criteria group decision methods with respect to this problem. We show, using a computational model, that strategic manipulation of preference information is possible in all of the methods considered, although to a different extent. Furthermore, when the solution a method generates under correct information is not Pareto-optimal, manipulation attempts might even improve the efficiency of outcomes.     

改革公务员工资的理论分析

当前公务员工资制度存在着名义工资低而实际工资高,行业差距、部门差距及地区差距大等一系列问题.公务员的工资支出是对政府提供行政管理这一公共产品的成本补偿支出,属于购买性支出和非生产性支出.根据数据分析,诸多福利支出、津贴支出增大是导致行政管理支出增大的原因.因此,应加快政府工资体制改革,清理部门津贴、补贴;将制度内工资和制度外收入合并,纳入预算管理,推行部门预算;加快配套实施条例的推行,使公务员工资范围和标准进一步细化.     

绿色奥运中绿色营销与绿色物流发展策略的探析

从绿色奥运物质和意识两方面分析发展绿色营销,形成绿色物流管理系统是国际奥委会的政策导向和2008北京绿色奥运的需求。本文分析了绿色奥运的含义及绿色营销与绿色物流的理论基础,并提出发展绿色营销和绿色物流管理的策略。     

社保基金与资本市场互动关系探索

在界定社保基金基本概念的基础上,深入剖析社保基金与资本市场的互动关系,揭示制约二者互动的主要因素,并提出相应的对策建议。认为,制约我国社保基金与资本市场良性互动的主要因素是社保基金缺乏专业的经营管理机构以及有效的监管机制;而且,资本市场不够成熟,投资风险大。因此,促进我国社保基金与资本市场良性互动的根本措施是推动制度和金融创新。     

北京市城镇无保障老人养老保险问题研究

近年来,城镇无保障老年人的养老问题日益受到政府和社会的关注。全国已有部分省市对城镇无保障老年人提供了一定的养老补贴待遇,但是,不同省市采用补贴形式各不相同,补贴标准也有一定的差异。目前,北京市城镇无保障老人主要是通过福利养老金制度覆盖,对满足年龄条件的无保障老人,每人每月都可以领取230元财政补贴。那么,在政府财力有限的条件下,如何提高无保障老人收入水平?本文提出了建立无保障老人个人缴费与政府补贴相结合的新制度,并依据2007年北京市城镇无保障老人调查数据,构建北京市无保障老人养老保险收支模型,计算并预测了未来10年的养老保险收支情况,通过这一模式表明,政府财政补贴在适度提高的前提下,无保障老人养老待遇会有较大幅度增加,而且该模式运行的稳定性较强。     

深入认识消费现状,提高农村居民消费水平

分配和消费一直都是影响经济发展的两个重要因素,同时分配和消费又相互影响着对方。尤其在现在爆发全球性金融危机的情况下,我国的经济发展面临着国外需求萎缩,国内需求有限的艰难局面。因此如何扩大消费,促进经济又好又快发展成为当前经济工作的重点。本文主要通过分配和消费两者关系的论述来分析通过分配扩大消费促进经济的理论依据。     

新农保制度运行过程中的风险应对——基于基本公共服务均等化的视角

从基本公共服务的角度讲,新农保制度承担着确保广大农村人口能够切实享有养老保障权利的使命。而新农保制度运行过程中面临保基本、广覆盖、可持续等方面的多重风险。从社会养老机会均等化、标准均等化、结果均等化等要求出发,提出加大宣传力度、完善法律法规体系、重视制度的整合衔接、确保基金可持续等风险应对措施。     

广告促动经济发展

广告是市场经济的产物,在经济环境不断变化的大背景下发展、成熟。广告与经济相辅相成,相互促进。本文从广告与经济的关系着眼,在对二者关系进行分析的基础上,指出了我国经济发展中的问题之一即我国企业的广告投放量明显不足,同时就当前的世界经济情况下企业广告的投放提出了科学、合理的建议。