2014年法国科研经费注重扶持战略性产业

法国经济目前仍然处在停滞不前的阶段,失业率高企、家庭购买力下降。法国2014年预算法案已讨论通过,主要在增收减支的基础上力求缩减赤字,促进经济增长,扩大就业。2014年,法国科研经费保证基础研究与应用研究均衡发展,重点扶持国家战略性产业发展,其涉及的领域包括:生态与能源转换、工业振兴、数字化经济、大学研究、卫生、航空与航天、青年-培训与国家现代化及国际工业新技术等。对2014年法国科研计划体系建设、经费管理、立项管理、申报程序及项目管理等进行了介绍,该计划优先支持基础研究,推动基础研究与技术研究均衡发展,支持国家战略性产业抢占制高点。     

基于不同资金来源测算的西部地区固定资产投资与经济增长关系

本文基于多种估算模型和稳健标准误的统计推断,按照资金来源测算了西部地区固定资产投资与经济增长之间的线性关系系数和弹性关系系数,使用单边随机边界模型测算了固定资产投资各类资金的投资效率和各类资金的总体投资效率。实证结果表明,国家预算资金和其他资金的线性和弹性系数不显著,国内贷款、利用外资和自筹资金的线性关系系数测算的平均值分别为2.308、23.794和1.505,弹性关系系数的平均值分别为0.15、0.054和0.416;西部地区固定资产投资效率总体高于70%。     

社保基金与资本市场互动关系探索

在界定社保基金基本概念的基础上,深入剖析社保基金与资本市场的互动关系,揭示制约二者互动的主要因素,并提出相应的对策建议。认为,制约我国社保基金与资本市场良性互动的主要因素是社保基金缺乏专业的经营管理机构以及有效的监管机制;而且,资本市场不够成熟,投资风险大。因此,促进我国社保基金与资本市场良性互动的根本措施是推动制度和金融创新。     

Multinational Banks and the Global Financial Crisis: Weathering the Perfect Storm?

We use data on the 48 largest multinational banking groups to compare the lending of their 199 foreign subsidiaries during the Great Recession with lending by a benchmark of 202 domestic banks. Contrary to earlier and more contained crises, parent banks were not a significant source of strength to their subsidiaries during 2008–09. When controlling for other bank characteristics, multinational bank subsidiaries had to slow down credit growth almost three times as fast as domestic banks. This was in particular the case for subsidiaries of banking groups that relied more on wholesale funding.     

地方政府融资平台的融资租赁模式及风险防范

融资租赁作为一种集融资与融物相结合的新型金融方式,能为地方政府融资平台的基础设施项目建设提供长期限、低成本的资金.由于我国融资租赁行业的发展还处于起步阶段,与融资租赁行业相关的制度措施并不完善,在融资平台中开展融资租赁业务特产生诸多的风险.文章概述了我国融资租赁行业发展状况,分析了融资租赁应用于政府融资平台的优势和业务模式,并对模式在实际运行中可能出现的风险进行剖析,在此基础上提出了相关的风险防范措施.     

新农保制度运行过程中的风险应对——基于基本公共服务均等化的视角

从基本公共服务的角度讲,新农保制度承担着确保广大农村人口能够切实享有养老保障权利的使命。而新农保制度运行过程中面临保基本、广覆盖、可持续等方面的多重风险。从社会养老机会均等化、标准均等化、结果均等化等要求出发,提出加大宣传力度、完善法律法规体系、重视制度的整合衔接、确保基金可持续等风险应对措施。     

Why Sweden's pension reform was able to be successfully implemented

Governments that do not reform pay-as-you-go (PAYG) pension systems will eventually face a pension crisis. In a democracy, reforms require majority support. The problem is that pension reform requires today's generation to bear the burden to avoid burdening tomorrow's generation. Sweden recently passed pension legislation that specifies a gradual transition from a public defined-benefit plan to a defined contribution plan. Why was Sweden successful in reforming its pension system? We find that a political economy perspective helps to answer this question: there are more winners who would vote in favour of the reform than non-winners who would vote against it. When comparing the net effect (present value of expected benefits minus present value of remaining contributions) of the new and old systems, contributions of the working generation (age < 53) are reduced by more than their expected benefits.     

Reforming Social Security in a Transition Economy: The Case of Lithuania

This paper points out a number of problems associated with the existing pension system in Lithuania. Reforms are proposed, including (i) a substantial increase in the basic pension benefit rate, financed on a pay-as-you-go basis, provided universally, and regulated according to wage/price indexation; (ii) a significant cut in the tax contribution rate to the public pension system matched by a rise in the VAT; (iii) a rise in the retirement age to 65 for both men and women; and (iv) a gradual conversion to a private, funded, mandatory pension system to replace the earnings-related part of the current pension system.     

401（k）计划—最流行的企业补充养老保险形式

对美国最流行的企业补充养老保险—— 4 0 1(k)计划的运行机制、优缺点和设计模式做了详细的介绍和评述 ,指出了 4 0 1(k)计划对中国养老保险制度改革的启示∶虽然属于企业补充养老保险 ,但是“基金制”的运作模式势必要导入我们的养老保障系统。分析了 4 0 1(k)计划在中国的适用性问题。     

Measuring the Effect of Federal Research Funding on Private Donations at Research Universities: Is Federal Research Funding More than a Substitute for Private Donations?

The nature of federal research funding has changed in the United States over the last 30 years. In part, federal research funding has changed in the distribution of funding across disciplines and across universities. Federal funding to universities with historically low levels of funding has also experienced greater growth than those universities with historically high levels of funding. In addition, universities have become more involved in the political process with respect to the allocation of funding for higher education. As the nature of government funding changes, this paper questions its effect on private donations to research and non-research universities. The general presumption of much of the existing theoretical work is that government and private funding for charitable goods are substitutes. Limited evidence exists to suggest, in some circumstances, there may be a positive correlation between these two sources of funding. Potentially, because the government undertakes the expense to gather information about the research universities, and engages in such activities as peer-review of research proposals, the government through its grant awards may provide a signal of quality of research or other information to donors that is less noisy than that available to private donors. Similarly, there may be other types of spillover effects from research funding to private donations. In this case, a change in government grants has both a positive and negative effect on private donations, suggesting a positive correlation between private and public donations if the effect from the dissemination of information is greater than the substitution effect of government grants. I examine data for private and public universities in the United States to measure the relationship between private and public donations under a fixed-effects OLS regression. I explore issues of bias from endogeneity or omitted variables and report the results from a two stage least squares regression in which I use a set of measures that affect federal research funding but not private donations. Regardless of the specification, the results suggest private and public donations are positively correlated for research universities and negatively correlated for non-research institutions. On average, increasing federal research funding by one dollar increases private donations by 65 cents at research universities, decreases private donations by 9 cents at universities whose highest degree granted is a masters, and decreases private donations by 45 cents at liberal arts colleges.