通过完善横向课题的相关政策 增加学院科研经费总量

横向课题在科技项目中的地位日渐重要,合理的横向课题政策能够有效地提高学院科研经费总量。因此完善横向课题的相关政策,加强对横向课题的重视程度,是提高学院科研经费总量的有效途径之一。     

国外非营利组织监督机制研究综述

非营利组织蓬勃兴起,在社会、政治和经济中发挥着重要作用,但是一系列财务丑闻却严重损害了非营利组织的公信力,因此应着力探索和构建非营利组织监督机制,以引导其健康快速发展。我国非营利组织发展起步较晚,关于非营利组织监督机制的理论研究尚不健全,实证研究尤其匮乏。通过对非营利组织的内部监督、信息披露以及外部监督这三个方面的国外文献进行综述发现,监督机制对改善非营利组织治理结构、提高组织绩效、维护行业公信力具有一定效果,这对我国非营利组织监督机制的建构具有一定借鉴意义。     

个税递延型养老保险——基于税收优惠的思考

个税递延型养老保险因其国际实施的普遍性、对个人投保的激励性和对保险企业的盈利刺激性,成为解决我国个人养老问题的当下选择.养老金计划的发展离不开完备有效的监管.政府在出台相关政策法规时,尽量能做到各类政策并驾齐驱,多管齐下.其中,规范和完善资本市场是发展个人养老金计划的重中之重.     

R&D policy in a vertically related industry

In this paper, we analyze the effectiveness of public policy aimed to stimulate business-performed R&D in a vertically related market. We examine the role of an R&D active upstream supplier in a four-stage R&D model, where we incorporate public funding. The considered policy instrument is direct funding of firms’ R&D efforts. We calculate the optimal policies and show that they have a positive impact on firms’ R&D investments. From a welfare point of view, it is optimal to differentiate the subsidy rates between the upstream and the downstream markets. Competition in the product market leads to a higher subsidy rate to the upstream supplier than to the downstream firms. When concentration is high in the downstream market, the optimal solution is an R&D subsidy for these firms, otherwise the optimal solution is an R&D tax for the downstream firms.     

The two sides of academic research: do basic and applied activities complement each other?

It is generally acknowledged that the cuts in government funding for research implemented in several European countries will induce academic researchers to increase their interaction with non academic entities to promote the acquisition of external funding for research. Indirectly this implies that there will be a shift in the focus of academic scientific activity from basic to applied research via private research contracts and consultancy work. The aim of our paper is to assess the extent of the trade-off between basic research and applied activity in academic research departments. We use data for the universe of Italian academic departments over the period 2006–2011 and estimate whether increased applied activity is substituting or complementing basic research activity. We provide empirical evidence of a strong substitution effect for life sciences departments and, to a lesser extent, for engineering and technology departments, while there does not seem to be evidence of a substitution effect for departments whose scientific activity revolves around basic science.     

A correlation-formula

Abstract

The late Professor T. N. THIELE has pointed out, ¹ Bulletins de l'Académie Royale de Danemark, 1906 N:o 3 p. 149–152. that a given correlation may sometimes be brought to vanish by a suitable linear transformation of the coordinates. Unfortunately his indications in this respect are very brief; and as the subject is not treated by means of frequency-surfaces, but only by a consideration of the first few moments (or rather “half-invariants ” ² A kind of rational functions of the moments, see THIELE: Theory of Ohservations, London 1903, p. 24. — The same incomplete method has heen applied by C. Burrau (Meddelelser fra den antropologiske Komite p. 243–260). ) in a particular numerical case, his efforts have not resulted in establishing a correlation-formula which alone, by comparison with the observations, could prove his assertion right or wrong. I therefore propose to resume the subject, beginning with a few remarks on frequency-distributions with one single variable, and repeating, for the sake of completeness, a certain amount of known matter.     

What should you pay to host a party? An economic analysis of hosting sports mega-events

Governments all over the world put huge amounts of money into bidding for, and then hosting, sports events like Football’s World Cup or the Olympic Games. They also give money to professional sports teams and other mega-events to encourage them to locate within a particular constituency. This article examines the statistical relationship between tourism and three Football World Cups and five Olympic Games, finding very little positive effect. Given this conclusion, the article looks at why governments continue to bid for these competitions. It presents evidence that shows that these sports contests make people happy, and argues that politicians capitalize on this feel-good factor; harnessing the hubris associated with these events for political gain. The article then contends that the best way to reduce the politics associated with bidding for mega-events is to allocate them via an auction, rather than the wasteful rent-seeking methods that are currently used.     

新疆新型农村社会养老保险综合评价研究

在某一地区设计和实施了养老保险制度后,必须对其现状和未来发展趋势进行综合评价和政策模拟,以便了解和掌握制度运行过程中出现的问题并及时进行调整。本文根据社会保障相关理论,建立新型农村社会养老保险综合评价指标体系及评价标准,运用粗糙集理论对相关指标进行属性约简,用模糊评价等方法对新疆新型农村社会养老保险的保障水平、养老金替代率、参保率、农民个人负担系数及综合发展水平进行实证分析及综合评价,并结合新疆的具体实际提出针对性的政策建议,以期为完善新疆新型农村养老保险制度提供参考和决策依据。     

Shadow Funding and Economic Growth: Evidence from China

Using popular liability-side wealth management products in China, we construct an informative measure of shadow funding and shadow credit by extension. This measure reflects the risk appetites of financial intermediaries and their ability to expand their balance sheets through bank–shadow-bank cooperation. Our measure possesses unique predictive power for future economic activity. An increase in the measure corresponds to increases in investment and consumption, which, in turn, reduce financing costs due to improvements in economic development.     

延长退休年龄能降低个人账户养老金的财政补助吗？

本文运用精算模型发现,当女性退休年龄延长至60岁,2039年及以前个人账户养老金的财政补助较现行政策下降0.3%至9.83%,但2040年及以后上升0.44%至4.67%;当男女退休年龄延长至65岁和60岁,2037年及以前财政补助较现行政策有所降低,但2038年及以后不断提高;当男女退休年龄均延长至65岁,2040年及以前财政补助较现行政策有所减少,但2041年及以后不断增加;即使改变任一参数设置,类似情况仍会出现。所以,延长退休年龄只能减少25至28年个人账户养老金的财政补助,之后政府负担逐年加重。