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81.
Maria Eduarda Gonçalves 《Journal of Risk Research》2020,23(2):139-152
AbstractThe first broad reform of personal data protection legislation in the European Union entered into force in May 2018 (Regulation (EU) 2016/679, the General Data Protection Regulation). Remarkably, with this reform a risk-based approach has been introduced as the core data protection enforcement model, while data protection authorities see their regulatory role significantly weakened. The risk-based approach is to be implemented by the data controllers (i.e. the operators) via data protection impact assessments (evoking the established environmental impact assessment procedure) and notification of breaches, among other procedures. Hence the scope of both the concepts of risk and risk regulation spread beyond conventional domains, namely the environment, public health or safety, i.e. physical risks, to encompass risks to intangible values, i.e. individual rights and freedoms, presumably harder to assess and manage. Strikingly, the reform has been accompanied by a confident discourse by EU institutions, and their avowed belief in the reform’s ability to safeguard the fundamental right to data protection in the face of evolving data processing techniques, specifically, big data, the Internet of Things, and related algorithmic decision-making. However, one may wonder whether there isn’t cause for concern in view of the way the risk-based approach has been designed in the data protection legislation. In this article, the risk-based approach to data protection is analysed in the light of the reform’s underlying rationality. Comparison with the risk regulatory experience in environmental law, particularly the environmental impact assessment procedure, is drawn upon to assist us in pondering the shortcomings, as well as the opportunities of the novel risk-based approach. 相似文献
82.
We investigate key sales management aspects in relation to the export involvement stage of the firm. Specifically, an attempt is made to examine the presence of significant differences in export sales management control strategy, export sales organization design and export sales management behavioral attributes between ‘active’ and ‘committed’ exporting firms. We identify several differences among these exporter groups with the main conclusion being that the sales management function is more effectively organized and managed at advanced levels of export involvement. These findings are discussed in the light of existing knowledge, and various conclusions and research implications are also derived. 相似文献
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84.
大数据环境下,应用机器学习数据挖掘分析技术对波兰破产及未破产公司的财务数据进行建模训练和测试验证,其中包括多层感知器中的SMOTE、SMOTE-Borderline1和BMS不平衡算法。横向对比发现SMOTE、SMOTE-Borderline1、BMS算法有效提升了F1-Score,证明了多层感知器算法在公司破产评估领域内处理非平衡类别数据手段的有效性。纵向对比表明在不同的预测时间跨度上,MLP模型和公司财务数据的分类器模型效果具有显著差异。最后,使用卡方检验筛选出公司短期负债、资金结构和经营利润等较为重要的财务指标。 相似文献
85.
团队软件过程的研究与实践 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
迄今为止 ,学术界和产业界公认CMM是进行软件过程改进和软件过程评估的一个有效的指导框架 ,但是CMM中未提供有关实现子过程域所需要的软件过程持续改进的知识和技能 ,另外 ,软件产业的成功与发展 ,与软件开发单位的过程管理和过程规范密不可分。只有熟悉PSP(个人软件过程 )和TSP(团队软件过程 ) ,才能提供实施CMM所需要的过程管理改善的效果和技能 ,因此 ,进行PSP(个人软件过程 )和TSP(团队软件过程 )的研究与实践便显得十分必要。本文着重对TSP过程进行了具体的描述。 相似文献
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87.
从1994年税制改革以来,个人所得税对于促进对外经济技术交流与合作,缓解社会分配不公的矛盾,增加财政收入等都发挥了积极作用。但是随着形式的发展,也暴露出不少问题和矛盾。 相似文献
88.
Aaron Bruhn 《Accounting & Finance》2019,59(Z1):333-357
This study examines the reliance on trust as a heuristic by individuals when making personal financial decisions, using a qualitative case study. We show that in the face of complexity and choice, individual investors predominantly resorted to the heuristic of trust to make financial decisions. This demonstrates the need for industry and public policy‐makers to be aware that individuals can and will resort to simplified heuristics as a basis for financial decision‐making, particularly within an environment where substantial complexity and choice exist. 相似文献
89.
以2002~2007年陷入财务危机的民营上市公司(ST公司)为研究样本.通过相关分析实证检验了中国债务融资的破产威胁功效.研究发现,中国民营上市公司债务融资总体上对财务状况恶劣的公司起到了债务治理作用,发挥了破产威胁功效。短期债务能够对陷入财务危机的民营上市公司起到改善业绩的作用,较好地发挥破产威胁功效,而长期债务未能发挥破产威胁作用。银行贷款能够促进陷入财务困境的民营上市公司改善业绩,发挥破产威胁功效,而商业信用却没能发挥破产威胁功效。 相似文献
90.
Majbritt Rostgaard Evald Torben Bager 《The International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal》2008,4(3):349-364
This article addresses venture team relationships in an advanced high tech incubator through an analysis of the personal relationships
of venture team members. During the study period of almost 2 years, the ventures were projected to grow and commercialise
but, overall, they failed. Quantitative data collected in two rounds showed that commercial relationships remained weak while
political relationships intensified. Qualitative follow-up interviews suggest that the political rivalry and low level of
knowledge sharing between the ventures were further exacerbated by the individualistic-competitive structure of the incubator
and weak management in some respects. 相似文献