加强水利工程造价工作提高国债项目投资效益

根据国债资金投入数量与项目工程造价之间的关系以及我国水利工程项目的特点，提出应树立水利工程全面造价管理的思想。阐述工程设计阶段进行优化设计和造价控制的重要性，并对工程建设概预算定额及计价依据进行分析。     

Risk sharing and counter-cyclical variation in market correlations

I present a consumption-based dynamic asset pricing model in which international market correlations vary counter-cyclically over time. The driving force in the model is the time-varying effective risk aversion induced by external habit formation. Market returns are driven by fundamental outputs and discount rates. When risk aversion is high, the effect of discount rates on market returns rises with the market price of risk. To the extent that countries share risk, the cross-country correlation of discount rates exceeds the cross-country correlation of fundamental outputs. In bad times, market correlations rise as returns are mostly driven by discount rates. Thus, consistent with the empirical evidence, periods of high risk aversion are associated with high market correlations and high market volatility. After calibration, my model is consistent with the observed variation in market correlations, as well as other features of asset prices including the equity premium and market volatility.     

地方国企非效率投资来源选择：债权资金优先还是股权资金优先？

以2001—2009年地方国有上市公司为样本对地方国企非效率投资来源选择进行研究,结果显示：地方国企非效率投资来源选择首先是债权资金,其次才是股权资金;当拥有较多长期贷款时,企业会更倾向使用债权资金代替股权资金,并且这种选择是理性和不可逆的;在产权保护较强和信贷配置市场化程度较低的地区,企业选择债权资金替代股权资金的动机更强;随着政府干预的增强,债权资金对股权资金的替代作用减弱。     

Analyzing the global human appropriation of net primary production — processes, trajectories, implications. An introduction

Humanity's role in shaping patterns and processes in the terrestrial biosphere is large and growing. Most of the earth's fertile land is used more or less intensively by humans for resource extraction, production, transport, consumption and waste deposition or as living space. Biomass production on cropland, grazing areas and in managed forests dominates area requirements, but other processes such as soil degradation, human-induced fires and expansion of settlements and infrastructure play an increasingly important role as well. The growing human domination of terrestrial ecosystems contributes to biodiversity loss as well as to a reduced capability of ecosystems to deliver vital services such as buffering capacity, soil conservation or self-regulation. This special section is devoted to the presentation of recent research into the patterns, determinants and implications of the human appropriation of net primary production (HANPP), an integrated socio-ecological indicator of land use intensity. By measuring the combined effect of land conversion and biomass harvest on the availability of trophic energy (biomass) in ecosystems, HANPP explicitly links natural with socioeconomic processes and allows for integrated analyses of land systems. This introductory article explains the rationale that links current HANPP research to Ecological Economics and discusses issues of definition and methods shared by all articles included in the special section. Finally, it gives an overview of the individual papers, provides some general conclusions and presents an outlook for future research: a better understanding of long-term trajectories of HANPP, of the significance of trade patterns as well as of the future role of bioenergy are highlighted as important issues to be addressed in the coming years.     

自由现金流量、股权结构与我国上市公司过度投资问题研究

按照自由现金流量假说,当公司存在大量自由现金流量时,管理人员的机会主义行为容易引发过 度投资.本文以2005-2007年上市公司数据考察我国企业是否存在过度投资以及股权结构能否抑制过度投资.分析表明我国企业普遍存在过度投资行为,国有企业相比非国有企业过度投资更严重,现金流与投资行为显著正相关,第一大股东持股比例与股权集中度在某种程度上能够制约过度投资,但是举债在我国并不能对过度投资发挥有效的抑制作用.     

Testing time-homogeneity of rating transitions after origination of debt

When modelling rating transitions as continuous-time Markov processes, in practice, time-homogeneity is a common assumption, yet restrictive, in order to reduce the complexity of the model. This paper investigates whether rating transition probabilities change after the origination of debt. Accordingly, we develop a likelihood-ratio test for the hypothesis of time-homogeneity. The alternative is a step function of transition intensities. The test rejects time-homogeneity for rating transitions observed over 7 years in a real corporate portfolio. Especially 1-year transition probabilities increase over the first year after origination. This time effect suggests that banks should manage their credit portfolios with respect to the age of debt.      

中国开放式基金风格漂移与业绩相关性的实证研究

本文以中国开放式股票型和债券型基金为样本,通过对基金风格漂移程度的量化,检验了基金风格漂移、资金流波动、基金规模及基金费率与基金业绩之间的关系,结果表明,风格漂移的程度与基金的业绩呈正相关,但与资金流波动不相关;同时,基金规模与基金的业绩呈正相关,与费率呈负相关。     

旅游企业债务结构特征及其经济后果研究

对旅游企业债务结构的特征及其经济后果进行了实证分析。结果发现,我国旅游企业的债务期限结构以2003年为拐点,呈现出短期负债逐步下降而长期负债逐步上升的趋势;债务类型结构则呈现出商业信用方式融资所占比重较低的特征。此外,债务期限结构中的短期负债不利于企业业绩提高,这在景区类上市公司中体现得尤为明显;债务类型结构中的银行信用、商业信用的存在对企业业绩提升均起到正面影响。研究结果对于促进我国旅游企业债务结构的优化,提升旅游企业竞争力和促进旅游企业的可持续发展提供相关的理论依据和经验支持。     

企业债务期限结构的行业特征——基于中国上市公司的实证研究

本文以我国上市公司2000-2004年的经验数据为样本，根据中国证监会《上市公司行业分类指引》，将中国上市公司进行行业分类，实证研究了债务期限结构的行业特征。研究结果表明：（1）中国上市公司不同行业门类之间和同一制造业次类闻的债务期限结构具有显著差异，且这种差异不是由个别行业的异常值引起的；（2）无论是行业门类还是制造业次类，绝大多数行业的长期债务比率较低；（3）规模比较大，管制比较高，竞争程度较低的行业内的企业的长期债务比率相对于竞争比较激烈的行业内的企业较高。     

中国上市公司债务期限结构分析

对我国上市公司债务期限结构影响因素进行检验的结果表明,我国上市公司债务期限结构的影响因素较为稳定,内生性对其不构成显著影响.我国上市公司的债务期限与企业规模正相关,与企业财务实力、资本结构负相关,与其他因素没有显著关系.对债务期限和成长性关系的检验结果表明,我国企业应对成长机会变化的工具是财务杠杆而不是债务期限.代理成本理论不能解释我国上市公司债务期限结构的选择行为.