我国区域金融成长差异的态势:1978-2003年

根据1978-2003年的有效数据,对我国的金融成长差异进行实证分析和计量检验的研究结果表明,这期间并不存在区域金融成长差异的倒U形曲线,而是呈现三次曲线的变动态势,从更长时期看,倒U形曲线是否成立还未有定论,需要多方面指标的比较和未来时间的检验,但是区域金融成长的非均衡是长期存在的,这个结论同时也得到了演化经济理论的有力支撑,因此我国区域金融成长不能过度强调趋同,应该适度差距、系统优化、协调发展。     

Across-the-Curve Credit Spread Indices

We design a novel across-the-curve credit spread index, AXI, a measure of the recent cost of wholesale unsecured debt funding for publicly listed US bank holding companies and commercial banks. AXI, a benchmark for bank lending and risk management, is the weighted average of credit spreads for unsecured debt instruments with maturities ranging from overnight to five years, with weights that reflect both transaction and issuance volumes. We provide illustrative output of the bond-based component of AXI. By widening coverage to include all corporate debt issuers, we also build a financial conditions index (FXI).     

东北老工业基地产业结构与经济增长的实证分析

现代经济增长的过程,是经济增长与产业结构变动相互促进、相互联系、不断发展的过程。结合当前我国的区域发展重点之一,即振兴东北老工业基地,从区域层次研究产业结构与经济增长的关系,采用动态经济计量学中协整和方差分解的分析方法,利用东北老工业基地经济总量和产业结构的不变价格数据,对其产业结构变动与经济增长效应的关系进行实证分析,有利于我们得出较有价值的结论。     

Sustainability of A Pay‐as‐you‐Go Pension System in A Small Open Economy with Ageing,Human Capital and Endogenous Fertility

The aim of the article is to theoretically investigate if a pay‐as‐you‐go (PAYG) pension system is sustainable in the presence of a declining population and increasing longevity of the retired generation. For this purpose, we use an overlapping generation model with endogenous fertility, endogenous longevity and human capital accumulation in a small open economy. We find that pensions will always increase as long as it is beneficial for parents to invest in human capital. Furthermore, we get the result that the ratio between pension benefits and the consumption of the young generation will strive to a positive limit value, and that a pure PAYG pension system will not run into any solvency problem due to a decreasing fertility rate or ageing.     

储蓄资本化、金融企业和工商企业资本金增加与宏观经济增长——从资产负债表角度的一个解析

我国融资格局正由严重依赖间接融资的均衡向直接融资比重不断提高的新均衡转化,其间发生着居民储蓄存款的资本化,即居民储蓄转化为金融企业和工商企业资本金,经济增长表现为资本更加充实的增长。文章发现,储蓄资本化,一方面使得工商企业资产负债率仅仅短期内下降,但长期潜在的负债能力增加,同时权益融资的增加使得工商企业有压力扩充资产规模,另一方面,储蓄资本化,商业银行上市融资后资本充足率提高,进而有能力扩张信贷,权益融资的增加同样也使其有压力扩充资产,这样,供求两旺,信贷坚实增长。文章认为必需进一步充实经济体系中的资本金,同时也要研究清楚经济周期高点、通胀压力较大情况下大量工商企业和金融企业很快上市后其资本金增加所潜在的扩张效应及其宏观后果。     

Residents' Support for Tourism Growth in a Mature Destination

Abstract

The study investigated the perceived impacts of tourism on Central Florida's residents and predicted their level of support for the industry's continuous growth. Telephone interviews were conducted with 385 residents in the Central Florida area using a structured questionnaire. The 2001 study results were compared with the findings of a similar study conducted in Central Florida thirteen years earlier. The findings revealed that while a large proportion of the residents favored the presence of tourists in Central Florida, their level of support for their presence was not as eager as it was thirteen years earlier. The transformation in residents' attitudes was explained by Doxey's irritation index model (1975) that justified residents' attitudes at different growth stages of a tourist destination.     

Developing a Forecast System for Hotel Occupancy Rate Using Integrated ARIMA Models

Abstract

International tourist hotels play a consequential role in the development of the tourism industry. The occupancy rate is usually considered a pertinent indicator in measuring the performance of the hotels. This study employs the ARIMA and ARIMA transfer function model incorporated with the Box-Cox transformation function for the forecasting of occupancy rate. The results of this research find two explanatory variables strongly affect the occupancy rate: one is the numbers of tourists and the other is the Taiwan/ Japan foreign exchange rate. The forecasting shows slow rising of the occupancy rate for the international hotels in Taiwan; it will reach 64.67% by the year 2000. The forecast of the occupancy rate provides important information tor both government agencies and hotel managers so that corresponding management strategies can be made.     

Central Bank Policy Paths and Market Forward Rates: A Simple Model

Increasingly many central banks announce likely paths for future policy rates. Recent experience suggests that market forward rates can differ substantially from those announced. Models commonly adopted in policy analysis ignore such differences. This paper studies a simple model that can capture deviations between announced paths and market forward rates. We detail the macroeconomic transmission of such deviations and show how the model can inform policy deliberations.     

Transforming competitiveness into economic benefits: Does tourism stimulate economic growth in more competitive destinations?

This research note investigates the impact of a destination's competitiveness upon tourism's contribution to economic growth using a cross-section with 131 countries. Destination competitiveness is measured with the World Economic Forum's Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Index, while tourism's contribution to economic growth is measured with the growth decomposition methodology. Results reveal that destination competitiveness has no statistically significant impact on tourism's contribution to economic growth. Tourism policy implications and directions for future research are also discussed.     

Tourism and economic growth nexus revisited: A panel causality analysis for the case of the Mediterranean Region

Tourism is perceived as an important source of foreign exchange that is used for financing economic growth. This study offers a modern approach to tourism-led growth and investigates the causal relationship between tourism and economic growth in the European, Asian and African countries that border the Mediterranean Sea. The study uses panel data for the period 1998–2011, and adopts a panel Granger causality analysis developed by Dumitrescu and Hurlin (2012) to assess the contribution tourism makes to economic growth in each country. The results indicate that the direction of causality between tourism and economic growth depends on the country group and tourism indicator. Furthermore, the European countries are better able to generate growth from tourism in the Mediterranean region.