When Are Investors Rational?

Taking our cue from certain recent advances in experimental psychology, the authors propose a plausible theory of conflict between rationality and inherent behavioral biases of investors. In this theory no investor is fully rational or fully behavioral at all times. An investor faces a continuum between behavioral and rational positions. A movement toward rationality is a choice; it is costly to be fully rational which requires serious mental calculations. On the other hand, there could be some benefits to rationality in special circumstances that compensate for the costs. Using a unique and extensive investor-level database, the authors show that the degree of nonrationality decreases as rational behavior becomes more attractive. In the empirical setting, the proxy for rational behavior is investor's use of private predisclosure information during earnings announcement periods, while the disposition effect they display serves as an estimate of their behavioral bias. The paper contributes to the existing literature in several dimensions.     

Does voluntary balance sheet disclosure mitigate post-earnings-announcement drift?

Theory suggests that balance sheet information such as total assets, total equity, or total liabilities complements earnings information in helping investors assess a firm’s profitability and estimate earnings growth. The voluntary disclosure of balance sheet information at earnings announcement could help investors gather and process this information at a lower cost. We therefore predict that voluntary balance sheet disclosure at the time of an earnings announcement helps investors promptly understand the implication of current earnings news for future earnings and subsequently reduces post-earnings-announcement drift (PEAD). Consistent with these predictions, our results show that when firms provide voluntary balance sheet disclosures, the earnings response coefficient in the event window is significantly higher and the corresponding PEAD is significantly lower. We further find that the impact of voluntary balance sheet disclosure on PEAD is more pronounced when the magnitude of balance sheet value surprise is larger, when balance sheet value is more informative about future earnings, when earnings uncertainty is higher, or when information cost is higher, consistent with our conjectures that helping investors to better understand future earnings performance and lowering information costs are key mechanisms underlying the effect of voluntary balance sheet disclosure on PEAD.     

The impacts of public news announcements on intraday implied volatility dynamics

We examine the responses of intraday option-implied volatilities to scheduled announcements of macroeconomic indicators. The increase in implied volatility around macroeconomic news announcements is more pronounced for puts than for calls and is stronger for announcements made during trading hours than for those made during nontrading hours. These effects are also more pronounced in the crisis and postcrisis periods than in the precrisis period. Monetary policy announcements have a more substantial impact on volatility than other announcements have, even after controlling for news surprise components. The impact appears to be greater for policy rate hikes than for policy rate cuts.     

Corporate social responsibility in the tourism industry: evidence from seasoned equity offerings

This study examines the impact of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in the tourism industry using seasoned equity offerings (SEOs) from 1992 to 2015. We show that tourism SEO issuers engaging in CSR activities experience less negative market reactions to SEO announcements. The findings also reveal that the negative reactions around SEO announcements are significantly lessened for tourism firms with better CSR performance in the context of high information asymmetry, because such activities serve as an ethical commitment to outside investors, and thus align the interests between SEO issuers and outside investors, which eventually mitigates negative market reactions to SEO announcements. Overall, these results indicate that tourism issuers with better CSR performance are able to reduce the agency costs and adverse selection problem for uninformed investors in the process of issuing SEOs.     

Determinants of margin in microfinance institutions

Microfinance institutions (MFIs) lend to the poor. However, microfinance clients suffer from high interest rates, a type of poverty penalty. This article analyses the margin determinants in MFIs. A banking model has been adapted to microfinance. This model has been tested using 9-year panel data. Some factors explaining bank margin also explain MFI margin, with operating costs being the most important factor. Specific microfinance factors are donations and legal status, as regulated MFIs can collect deposits. It has also been found that MFIs operating in countries with a high level of financial inclusion have low margins.     

告示效应：基于我国货币市场利率的实证研究

近年来,西方国家在货币政策操作中逐渐利用告示效应来实现其政策利率目标,在告示效应对经济变量施加影响的作用机制中,中央银行的信誉度、责任性及透明度状况起了重要作用;相比传统的公开市场操作,告示效应具有影响直接、效果明显和操作成本低的优点;基于此,我国有必要在货币政策操作中强化告示效应的影响机制,以建立一个更为简明有效的货币政策操作框架.     

中国业绩型股权激励公告前的盈余操纵

股权激励可能会诱发高管的机会主义行为,导致股权激励不但达不到激励高管的目的,反而加剧了代理问题。本文以公告股权激励方案的中国上市公司为样本,对股权激励公告前的盈余操纵进行了分析。采用考虑生命周期和成长性的应计模型发现,在股权计划草案公告前操控性应计显著为负并有下降的趋势,表明激励公司进行了向下的盈余管理,以达到降低股票期权行权条件或限制性股票的解锁条件。     

A、B股市场信息价值的比较研究

中国证券市场具有在全世界资本市场都堪称独特的A、B、H股市场分割体制 ,对这一问题的研究具有重要的学术价值和现实意义。从会计盈余信息价值的角度研究我国证券市场分割 ,即通过比较A、B股市场中双重上市公司的股价和成交量对不同会计准则下盈余信息的反应 ,发现两个市场在信息传递、信息评价、信息反应模式等方面体现出明显的信息价值差异 ,同时就证券市场分割下信息价值差异的成因及解决对策进行了探讨。     

加速度传感器热灵敏度漂移的动态测试

本文介绍了加速度传感器热灵敏度漂移的动态测试系统组成和测试方法,分析了影响测试结果的主要因素。     

澄清公告可信度的市场反应

文章以澄清及时性、澄清态度和澄清内容准确性刻画澄清公告可信度,采用事件研究法,检验了澄清公告可信度的市场反应。研究发现:澄清越及时,澄清态度越肯定,澄清内容越准确,澄清公告的可信度越高,市场反应越大,市场对利好消息的可信度有更显著的市场反应。