基于模糊一致矩阵的我国 对外直接投资宏观风险分析

后金融危机时期国际政治经济局势复杂多变,我国对外直接投资的宏观风险明显增大。判断与衡量东道国宏观风险状况,成为投资决策的重要前提。本文在分析我国对外直接投资的政治与政策风险、宏观经济风险、市场风险和行业风险等宏观风险基础上,选取对外直接投资限制性指数、不变价格GDP的变化率、利率以及破产企业数四个指标,运用模糊一致矩阵方法,对我国较为重要的投资东道国--十五个OECD成员的宏观投资风险进行了衡量和排序,提供了判断与衡量东道国宏观风险的思路与方法。     

To what extent do earnings affect the R&D decision of Chinese manufacturing firms?

ABSTRACT

As R&D activities are involved in inherent uncertainty of large investment, high risk and long return periods, earnings, as the main source of internal financing, have been a significant factor of R&D decision in the firms. In contrast to the previous research, this study investigates the impacts of firm’s earnings on R&D decision, in which earnings are measured by the indicators of earnings level, earnings quality and earnings persistence, while separating firm R&D activity into two stages of (i) the decision to undertake R&D activity and (ii) the amount to be invested on innovation activities. We document that earnings level can increase the probability of undertaking R&D activity, but has no effect on R&D investment intensity. Earnings quality and earnings persistence have a promotional effect on both stages of R&D decision. The empirical evidence of the subsamples shows that the impacts of earnings are heterogeneous across different ownership and technology-intensity firms.     

中国省域高质量绿色发展水平评价与演化

基于DPSIR模型建立高质量绿色发展评价指标体系,运用熵权法和探索性空间数据分析技术对2013—2017年中国省域高质量绿色发展水平进行实证研究,分析其发展水平与时空演化情况,并从“环境状态”和“环境响应”两个维度进行分类。结果表明:考察期内中国高质量绿色发展水平整体呈现逐年上升趋势;从各省区数据来看,其高质量绿色发展水平高低、驱动因素与薄弱环节存在显著差异,可以分为“成熟发展型”“趋于成熟型”“快速发育型”“雏形发育型”四种类型;从空间格局上,各省区之间存在明显的正向空间自相关,形成“扩散效应型”和“低速增长型”两大空间聚集区。     

中国食用油涨价对经济影响的投入产出分析

食用油作为居民日常生活必须品,已渗透到了经济体的各个方面,其价格上涨必将引起相关产业部门价格的波动,进而影响到整个经济体的运行和居民生产生活。文章运用投入产出价格影响局部闭模型,并结合2007年投入产出表,量化了2009年四季度末食用油价格上涨对我国居民消费和国民经济各部门的影响。结果表明,农村居民生活消费受食用油价格上涨的影响大于城镇居民,消费者价格指数受到的影响大于生产者价格指数;在各产业中,受影响最大的是方便食品制造业、饲料加工业等食品工业和餐饮业。居民和大多数行业,对于食用油价格上涨有一定承受能力,此次食用油价格上涨在10～15％区间并不会导致物价水平大幅上升。价格作为市场经济中反映供求关系、资源稀缺程度的核心指标,其波动有合理性的一面,不必过分宣传或夸大食用油价格上涨对国民经济和居民生产生活的影响。     

房地产价格与国民收入分配的互动关系——基于联立方程模型的实证研究

本文基于省级面板数据,运用联立方程模型(SEM)和两阶段最小二乘(TSLS)估计法研究发现,房价与国民收入分配中的资本收入份额存在相互作用关系。房价上涨1%会使资本收入份额提升0.16%到0.43%,资本收入份额上升1%则会推动房价上涨约0.39%到0.54%。不过,这种相互作用机制存在一定的区域异质性,即在东部地区资本收入份额的提高会显著推高房价,而中西部地区后者对前者的影响效应更为明显。要实现房地产市场的健康成长,离不开国民收入分配结构的调整优化,而鼓励对适合我国劳动力比较优势的实体经济进行投资、减少资本对房地产的投机炒作,将有助于促进国民收入分配中劳动收入份额的提升。     

中国地级以上城市基础设施评价研究

考察了城市基础设施的内涵,建立了由3个层级、5个维度和22个指标构成的城市基础设施评价体系,并采用极差标准化、均方差决策、加权平均和标准分等方法,对中国2007年287个地级及以上城市的基础设施建设水平从发展排序、等级划分、空间分异和统计分布等方面进行了全面、系统的评价研究。结果显示:城市基础设施具有和经济发展相似的自东向西递减的地带性特征;大部分城市的基础设施发展不均衡,存在短板;全国地级以上城市基础设施的总体水平呈正态分布,环境设施呈尖峰左偏分布,交通设施呈尖峰右偏分布,供排水设施属于平顶正态分布,能源设施分布曲线波动较大,邮电设施分布严重右偏。本研究为城市基础设施建设提供政策思路和科学依据。     

Selecting Your Inflation Targeters: Background and Performance of Monetary Policy Committee Members

Abstract. This paper starts by describing the composition of monetary policy committees (MPCs) in inflation‐targeting and non‐targeting countries. The experience of MPC members on their inflation performance is then compared, opposing inflation targeters with non‐targeters. Our sample covers the major Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development countries, in the period 1999–2008. Our results first show that MPCs are different in inflation‐targeting (versus non‐targeting) countries. They also reveal that policy‐makers' backgrounds influence inflation, and that the influence of MPCs' experience is much greater in inflation‐targeting countries, while size effects are more important for committees that do not target inflation.     

CROSS‐COUNTRY TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER AND POLITICALLY DRIVEN INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS

Grossman and Helpman highlighted a political framework to internalize inefficiency incurred due to unilateral trade policy implementation by sovereign countries. This paper extensively adopts their framework to explore the effects of special interest politics on governments under negotiation to forge international environmental standards to control global emission. Particular attention is given to a case in which negotiation is driven by transferring the abatement technology. Within a specific factor model of international trade, improving the abatement efficiency through technology transfer can give the most mutually beneficial outcome, achieving the lowest level of global pollution compared to other political benchmarks.     

THE PRICE LEVEL, THE QUANTITY THEORY OF MONEY, AND THE FISCAL THEORY OF THE PRICE LEVEL

This paper examines price‐level determination from the perspective of portfolio choice. Arbitrages among money balances, bonds, and investment goods determine their relative demands. Returns to real balance holdings and after‐tax returns to investment goods determine the relative values of nominal and real assets. Because expectations of government policies ultimately determine the expected returns to both nominal and real assets, the price level depends on interactions among current and expected future monetary and fiscal policies. The quantity theory and the fiscal theory emerge as special cases produced by restricting both the margins and the policies considered.