Reexamining emerging market animosity toward western developed countries: A social dilemma in physical retailing consumption under normative influence

Focusing on physical retailing as an apparent target for boycotts in the context of emerging market consumers' animosity toward Western developed countries, this research pioneers in its in-depth examination of a social dilemma whereby consumers on one hand wish to avoid purchasing Western products/services to meet social expectations, while on the other wish to continue purchasing Western products/services, because of perceived Western product/service superiority, at the risk of social disapproval. Differing from conventional animosity research that largely neglects interpersonal influence, this research synthesizes social influence theory and social exchange theory to compare consumers’ purchase decisions in visible (physical retailing) and less-visible (online shopping) consumption contexts that are subject to different strengths of normative influence, and proposes a cost-benefit analysis to explain how consumers make trade-offs between social expectations and self-interest. Two studies were conducted to test the hypotheses. Our study findings have important implications for future animosity research on consumer services that are subject to stronger normative pressure.     

网络传销犯罪的量化特征及其治理困境

对我国近十年对网络传销案件发生的时空分布特征、犯罪规模特征、刑罚特征及其影响因素进行量化分析与数据模型构建，旨在为我国刑事司法机关提供治理网络传销犯罪的循证依据。以大数据视域为切入视角，运用 Excel、Spss 等分析工具，对发生于 2012-2021 年的 946 起裁判文书判例进行时间序列、空间序列、刑罚特点、刑罚影响因素 , 以及结构特征、行为规律的综合分析与解释模型构建。结果发现：网络传销的犯罪数量呈现出逐年上升的趋势，其案发集中于我国南部省份以及中原地区，被告人被判处有期徒刑并处罚金是其最常见的刑罚种类；传销规模与涉案金额对网络传销犯罪的刑罚严重程度具有显著正向影响，被告人数量对于平均罚金具有显著正向影响；网络传销犯罪在实践中具有犯罪影响规模化、组织层级扁平化、运行模式多元化的结构型特征与行为规律；法律规制粗糙、侦查取证难度高、管辖争议性严重是当前我国刑事司法机关在打击网络传销犯罪的治理困境。     

Do voluntary commitment mechanisms improve welfare? The effect of mandatory and voluntary oaths in a social dilemma

We investigate whether oaths can enforce property rights in a social dilemma and increase welfare. We examine the impact of mandatory and voluntary oaths in a laboratory experiment where individuals can produce wealth, protect accumulated wealth, and take wealth from others. Individuals are more productive when oaths are mandatory compared to a no-oath environment. Subjects’ voluntary signing oaths behave similarly to those who sign a mandatory oath. When the oath is voluntary, nonoath-taking individuals engage in nonproductive behavior, negating the positive impact from the voluntary oath. Our results show that altering commitment mechanisms can result in varying welfare levels.     

地方本科院校公共管理类人才培养困境和质量提升——基于实习和择业意愿的调查

地方本科院校的公共管理类应用型人才培养中面临着 “应用性”缺乏实践性平台支撑或支撑不足的困境，导致学生对专业实习满意度不高，择业意愿存在一定偏差，难以实现人才培养的目标。需要建设新的实践教学平台，充分利用和完善已有实践教学平台的功能，以专业实习为基础开发应用性课程，贯通理论性课程，让实践性课程和理论性课程融合，共同发挥育人的作用，提升公共管理类应用型人才的培养质量。