财务困境、政府干预与管理者自利

文章运用处理效应(treatment effect)模型,从财务困境视角研究了政府干预对管理者自利行为的影响。研究发现,当政府干预程度较低时,相对于未发生财务困境的公司,困境公司管理者的自利行为会有所减弱;但当政府干预程度增强时,困境公司管理者自利行为减弱的程度将趋缓。对于政府控制的公司,当金融机构信贷决策受到政府干预的影响较弱时,财务困境期间管理者自利行为会有所减弱;随着政府对金融机构信贷决策干预程度的加强,困境公司管理者自利行为趋于严重。对于非政府控制的公司,困境期间管理者自利行为对金融机构信贷决策的自主性并不敏感。     

基于社区参与的海口市旅游业循环经济发展

旅游业在海口市国民经济中具有重要贡献,循环经济对于海口市这样一个既需要促进经济高速增长而资源又相对稀缺的海岛型城市的发展具有重要的指导意义。海口市旅游业循环经济建设不能只是市场和国家的结合,必须是包括社区在内的三个组织的结合。     

In Defense of DEFECT

The one-state machine that always defects is the only evolutionarily stable strategy in the machine game that is derived from the prisoners' dilemma, when preferences are lexicographic in complexity. This machine is the only stochastically stable strategy of the machine game when players are restricted to choosing machines with a uniformly bounded complexity. Journal of Economic Literature Classification Numbers: C70, C72.     

我国农业保险发展面临的困境与出路

随着对“三农”问题重视程度的提高，我国的农业保险也在国家相关政策的支持下迎来了发展的春天。但目前我国农业保险的试点推广仍面临着一系列的困难和问题，文章分析了我国农业保险发展存在的四对矛盾，并在此基础上提出了走出农业保险发展困境的五点对策。     

Collaboration,motivation, and the size of organizations

We present an analytical model of an organization that offers operational drivers of limits on team size. The model trades off benefits from collaborative problem solving against the disadvantages of diminishing motivation when groups get large. Collaboration is represented as parallel employee activity combined with frequent sharing of partial information, with a resulting superlinear performance increase over team size. Motivation is modeled by team members periodically setting an effort level either to contribute to the best of their ability or to “cruise”; at the minimum level not recognizable as shirking. Each individual decision is limited by bounded rationality based on team rewards, the time horizon of team interaction, and individual expectations about colleagues’ behavior. The decision collapses to a simple “barrier rule”;. Work hard when a certain “barrier percentage”; of team members work hard, and otherwise shirk. The influence of team size on this barrier percentage depends on the extent of benefits from collaboration: As long as performance increases quadratically with team size, the increased benefits resulting from collaboration exactly balance the temptation to shirk, with the barrier percentage approaching a fixed limit for large team sizes. As soon as the performance increase slows to anything less than quadratic, shirking eventually sets in and limits the possible size of the team. This implies that cooperation is sustainable in large organizational units, provided the problem‐solving processes used are powerful enough to ensure sufficient performance increases. Thus, effective problem‐solving methods are of double value, improving direct productivity and mitigating the social dilemma from team production. A manager should enlarge his or her organization up to the minimum of the limit set by the cooperation barrier and the exogenous performance limit.     

“省直管县”改革的经济影响

本文实证研究了省直管县体制改革试点的经济影响。研究结果表明:县乡财政困境具有很大的惯性,其破解过程无法"一蹴而就";在县级政府尚未完全脱离地级市管辖的情况下,单纯依靠财政省直管县改革,县乡财政困境不但没有得到缓解,反而加剧了;在基层政府存在财政困境的情况下,压缩其经济建设支出,财政困境将进一步加剧;推行省直管县改革,县域经济增长及其波动的变化趋势具有不确定性;压缩财政供养人口,将促进县域经济的平稳较快发展。     

内外经济平衡中存在的矛盾

近年我国贸易顺差不断扩大,同时国内经济又出现投资过热,商务部将"调投资、促消费、减顺差"定为2007年我国经济工作的三大着力点,以平衡内外经济.但是"减顺差"与"调投资"和"促消费"都有一定的矛盾.从平衡贸易角度看,在三者中"促消费"是核心,但也是最难的.政府对公共基础设施的投资如果能够适当扩大,还是有利于减少贸易顺差的.     

关于风险投资内在机理的经济学分析

从经济学的角度对风险投资进行了内部和外部两个方面的具体分析。根据交易成本理论和信息不对称理论分析了风险投资的特点 ,揭示了风险投资迅速发展的内在机理 ;依据科斯定理和“囚徒困境”模型 ,阐明了政府积极参与的必要性     

绿色制造的困境与政府监督机制分析

绿色制造是人类社会可持续发展的必然要求,然而绿色制造却面临着伦理约束和经济外部性的问题,造成了企业选择绿色制造模式的"囚徒困境"。制度约束和税收或补贴虽然一定程度上可以缓解这两个问题,但是政府的监督却是必不可少的。     

优势视角下失独老人的养老困境及相应对策

失去独生子女的父母的养老问题逐渐成为一个日趋急迫的社会问题,也是老龄工作中的新问题。用优势视角基本理念分析失独老人的养老问题,研究他们年老时存在的精神、经济、生活等一系列养老困境及原因。个人、团体、社会应共同帮助他们抚平精神创伤,改变外部环境中的不利因素,使其融入社会,实现个人优势与其生活环境的整合,以逐步帮助他们走出困境,安享晚年。