新制度经济学视角下的组织可持续发展

组织的可持续发展是经济、社会可持续发展的微观基础,从组织角度分析了可持续发展战略实施过程中的＂集体行动困境＂。提出：在组织可持续发展问题的产生上,根源是短期效率和长期适应性的矛盾;在内在机制上,核心是人与人之间的关系,人与人之间关系的关键在于激励和交易成本,激励旨在通过主动改变规则获得更高的收益,交易成本旨在缩减交往成本;这是一个利益再分配的过程,伴随着产权的调整和再分配,对可持续发展具有较大影响及其主要受益者拥有剩余收益权和控制权,对组织的可持续发展较为有利。     

试论公共政策创新的困境与对策

在政府主导型的政策创新中,政府一方面会采取各种手段促进政策创新行动,另一方面又往往维持某种无效率的政策安排或不采取行动实现政策均衡状态,这种持久的冲突恰恰反映了政策创新的困境。针对公共政策创新中的困境,必须从观念、理论、文化、体制、机制以及能力上采取有效措施,大力推进公共政策创新进程,以求得公共政策与环境之间的新均衡。     

巨灾保险经营模式中政府干预市场的“困局”及突破途径

巨灾保险经营模式是各国巨灾保险制度建设过程中面临的首要问题。它决定了一个国家巨灾保险制度的性质以及由谁"兜底"问题。从国际经验及我国国情分析,采取"政府主导,市场运作"是一种较好的模式选择。在这一模式的基础上,从政府干预市场中存在的"困局"这一视角对巨灾保险经营模式进行研究:即公平与效率目标的取舍、政府是否应过早过多干预市场以及如何定位政府的最终角色中进行权衡,并提出了政策建议。     

基于顾客份额的企业多元化战略模型探讨

随着市场占有率神话的破灭,理论界发现,市场份额与利润率之间不再存在着某种线型相关,甚至没有显著的相关性,但是忠诚的顾客却能够带来源源不断的利润。因此,企业应该将顾客份额作为重点,实施多元化经营战略,向忠诚的顾客销售相关产品。     

高职高专公共英语教学困境探析

高职教育是我国目前高等教育的重要组成部分,是社会上技术型、应用型人才的重要培养渠道之一。高职学生的公共英语课是其大学期间必修的公共基础课之一,但在实际的教学过程中,高职院校的公共英语教学却陷入了困境,文章就这些圉境进行分析和探讨,希望能为促进高职院校公共英语的教学发展提供借鉴。     

Consumer motivation for the decision to boycott: The social dilemma

This study suggests a rational framework to explain consumers’ decision to boycott. We proposed an instrumental boycott framework based on rational response to the offending behaviour of a target company. The hypotheses embedded within the research model are empirically evaluated. The data were collected by questionnaire survey, and structural equation modelling was utilized for data analysis. The results show that social factors (message credibility, expected overall participation and perceived boycott effectiveness) generate motivations for consumers’ boycott decisions. In addition, it is identified that these factors increase consumers’ perceived likelihood of boycott success. Further, it is also found that consumers' perceived likelihood of boycott success positively affect their boycott decision via the possibility of changing a target company's offending behavior and unwillingness to purchase the target company's products. The results of this study explain consumers’ instrumental boycott decision‐making process in terms of social dilemma. Further, this study provides practical contributions for understanding consumers’ rational boycott behaviour. Specific implications for marketing managers and boycott organizations are outlined in the general discussion. Suggestions for future research are also presented in the conclusion.     

基于政策网络治理模式下的区域政府间合作

政策网络治理是政策网络理论与治理理论研究相结合形成的新的治理流派,是公共治理的一种新框架和新模式,代表着治理主体、治理工具、治理结构、治理机制的深刻变迁。随着全球经济一体化和中国加入WTO,中国经济的发展步伐的不断加快,在政策网络治理模式下的区域政府之间的合作正在逐步形成,但在进程中遇到的问题也日益凸显。面对这些问题,文章在政府合作必要性及存在问题原因分析的基础上,对地方政府间的合作进行了对策设计,以期提高区域合作的效果和水平。     

Accounting Students as Surrogates for Accounting Professionals When Studying Ethical Dilemmas: A Cautionary Note

A challenge in performing empirical research isdetermining appropriate research subjects.Laboratory experiments are noted for their useof student subjects. The issue of interest inthis research is whether student subjectsrespond to a contextual ethical dilemma in thesame manner as working professionals.An experiment was conducted with 110 studentsand 169 experienced accounting practitioners,who are CPAs, utilizing six different financialreporting dilemmas. Students were assigned tothree different organizational categories interms of tone at the top – ethical, not ethicaland neutral. Experienced accountingpractitioners provided information about theperceived tone at the top in their ownorganizations using a questionnaire. The t-tests disclose significant differencesbetween CPAs and students for each of the sixdilemmas at the p < 0.001 level.     

How Entrepreneurs Deal with Ethical Challenges – An Application of the Business Ethics Synergy Star Technique

Entrepreneurs typically live with the ever-present threat of business failure arising from limited financial resources and aggressive competition in the marketplace. Under these circumstances, conflicting priorities arise and the entrepreneur is thus faced with certain dilemmas. In seeking to resolve these, entrepreneurs must often rely on their own judgment to determine “what is right”. There is thus a need for a technique to assist them decide on a course of action when no precedent or obvious solution exists. This research paper examines how entrepreneurs experience and deal with these dilemmas. The research is based on interviews with seven entrepreneurs in established service-oriented ventures, which gave rise to 26 dilemmas. These dilemmas were analyzed by making use of the Synergy Star technique, which is introduced here as a tool that is useful in defining any dilemma, isolating the ethical component, and resolving the dilemma in a way that is congruent with the entrepreneur’s personal world-view. Dr. David Robinson lectures in Entrepreneurship and Business Ethics at Queensland University of Technology and Bond University in Australia and is Visiting Professor at Shanghai Jiao Tong University in China. Himself an entrepreneur and director of companies with varied business interests, he holds a Master of Science from Brunel University, London, an MBA from Newport University, California and a Ph.D. from Rhodes University, South Africa. Dave is a past surfing and lifesaving champion and is known around the world as ‘Dr. Dave - the Surfing Professor’. Per Davidsson is Professor of Entrepreneurship and Director of Research at Queensland University of Technology, Australia and Professor of Entrepreneurship at the Jonkoping International Business School in Sweden. Hennie van der Mescht is Associate Professor and Head of the Education Department at Rhodes University, South Africa. Philip Court is Associate Professor and Head of the Management Department at Rhodes University, South Africa.     

Relationship frames and cooperation

We examine how various categories of relationships, and the time horizons of those relationships, affect rates of cooperation and competition in a mixed-motive decision task. We suggest that whether managers are likely to cooperate or compete depends on whether the task is framed as involving a colleague, customer, supplier, or competitor relationship. We suggest that these differences will exist only when the time horizon of the relationship is long term. We test these proposals in an experimental role-play exercise conducted by personal computer. When the time horizon is long, subjects are more likely to cooperate with customers, colleagues, and suppliers than with competitors. Counter to expectations, subjects are more likely to cooperate with competitors than with colleagues when the time horizon is short than when the time horizon is long. In addition, we show how the four business relationship frames vary along several dimensions that successfully discriminate among the relationships. The results are discussed in terms of their implications for helping managers cooperate when cooperation is appropriate.