Consumer motivation for the decision to boycott: The social dilemma

This study suggests a rational framework to explain consumers’ decision to boycott. We proposed an instrumental boycott framework based on rational response to the offending behaviour of a target company. The hypotheses embedded within the research model are empirically evaluated. The data were collected by questionnaire survey, and structural equation modelling was utilized for data analysis. The results show that social factors (message credibility, expected overall participation and perceived boycott effectiveness) generate motivations for consumers’ boycott decisions. In addition, it is identified that these factors increase consumers’ perceived likelihood of boycott success. Further, it is also found that consumers' perceived likelihood of boycott success positively affect their boycott decision via the possibility of changing a target company's offending behavior and unwillingness to purchase the target company's products. The results of this study explain consumers’ instrumental boycott decision‐making process in terms of social dilemma. Further, this study provides practical contributions for understanding consumers’ rational boycott behaviour. Specific implications for marketing managers and boycott organizations are outlined in the general discussion. Suggestions for future research are also presented in the conclusion.     

基于政策网络治理模式下的区域政府间合作

政策网络治理是政策网络理论与治理理论研究相结合形成的新的治理流派,是公共治理的一种新框架和新模式,代表着治理主体、治理工具、治理结构、治理机制的深刻变迁。随着全球经济一体化和中国加入WTO,中国经济的发展步伐的不断加快,在政策网络治理模式下的区域政府之间的合作正在逐步形成,但在进程中遇到的问题也日益凸显。面对这些问题,文章在政府合作必要性及存在问题原因分析的基础上,对地方政府间的合作进行了对策设计,以期提高区域合作的效果和水平。     

Accounting Students as Surrogates for Accounting Professionals When Studying Ethical Dilemmas: A Cautionary Note

A challenge in performing empirical research isdetermining appropriate research subjects.Laboratory experiments are noted for their useof student subjects. The issue of interest inthis research is whether student subjectsrespond to a contextual ethical dilemma in thesame manner as working professionals.An experiment was conducted with 110 studentsand 169 experienced accounting practitioners,who are CPAs, utilizing six different financialreporting dilemmas. Students were assigned tothree different organizational categories interms of tone at the top – ethical, not ethicaland neutral. Experienced accountingpractitioners provided information about theperceived tone at the top in their ownorganizations using a questionnaire. The t-tests disclose significant differencesbetween CPAs and students for each of the sixdilemmas at the p < 0.001 level.     

How Entrepreneurs Deal with Ethical Challenges – An Application of the Business Ethics Synergy Star Technique

Entrepreneurs typically live with the ever-present threat of business failure arising from limited financial resources and aggressive competition in the marketplace. Under these circumstances, conflicting priorities arise and the entrepreneur is thus faced with certain dilemmas. In seeking to resolve these, entrepreneurs must often rely on their own judgment to determine “what is right”. There is thus a need for a technique to assist them decide on a course of action when no precedent or obvious solution exists. This research paper examines how entrepreneurs experience and deal with these dilemmas. The research is based on interviews with seven entrepreneurs in established service-oriented ventures, which gave rise to 26 dilemmas. These dilemmas were analyzed by making use of the Synergy Star technique, which is introduced here as a tool that is useful in defining any dilemma, isolating the ethical component, and resolving the dilemma in a way that is congruent with the entrepreneur’s personal world-view. Dr. David Robinson lectures in Entrepreneurship and Business Ethics at Queensland University of Technology and Bond University in Australia and is Visiting Professor at Shanghai Jiao Tong University in China. Himself an entrepreneur and director of companies with varied business interests, he holds a Master of Science from Brunel University, London, an MBA from Newport University, California and a Ph.D. from Rhodes University, South Africa. Dave is a past surfing and lifesaving champion and is known around the world as ‘Dr. Dave - the Surfing Professor’. Per Davidsson is Professor of Entrepreneurship and Director of Research at Queensland University of Technology, Australia and Professor of Entrepreneurship at the Jonkoping International Business School in Sweden. Hennie van der Mescht is Associate Professor and Head of the Education Department at Rhodes University, South Africa. Philip Court is Associate Professor and Head of the Management Department at Rhodes University, South Africa.     

Relationship frames and cooperation

We examine how various categories of relationships, and the time horizons of those relationships, affect rates of cooperation and competition in a mixed-motive decision task. We suggest that whether managers are likely to cooperate or compete depends on whether the task is framed as involving a colleague, customer, supplier, or competitor relationship. We suggest that these differences will exist only when the time horizon of the relationship is long term. We test these proposals in an experimental role-play exercise conducted by personal computer. When the time horizon is long, subjects are more likely to cooperate with customers, colleagues, and suppliers than with competitors. Counter to expectations, subjects are more likely to cooperate with competitors than with colleagues when the time horizon is short than when the time horizon is long. In addition, we show how the four business relationship frames vary along several dimensions that successfully discriminate among the relationships. The results are discussed in terms of their implications for helping managers cooperate when cooperation is appropriate.     

关于我国外汇储备积累困境的思考

目前,我国在外汇储备积累方面处于一种困境当中:一方面,积累庞大的外汇储备给我国经济带来了巨大的负面影响;另一方面,为了发展我国经济,又必须继续持有大量的外汇储备。分析我国外汇储备积累的原因是由我国所处的经济发展阶段和当今不合理的国际储备体系共同决定的。     

供应链管理中信息共享的激励措施

在信息经济时代,商业环境正发生日新月异的变化,管理供应链所需的知识也在不断地推陈出新。客户需求变化、柔性生产能力、知识管理能力、创新能力、供应链企业间的合作能力、国际市场变化等是影响供应链管理信息共享能力的主要因素。文章通过对供应链企业信息共享前后的经营状况进行比较分析,论证了信息共享的“囚徒困境”,并提出了通过对供应商实行价格激励、减少零售商前置时间、防范信息共享风险、克服企业间文化差异等措施,以保证信息共享的有效性。     

连片特困地区治理困境及跨域治理机制构建——以“锰三角”为例

连片特困地区作为国家区域发展与扶贫攻坚的重点,其传统行政区治理导致了边界屏障效应,造成政府与市场“两极失灵”,影响了治理效果和区域发展。本文以武陵山片区“锰三角”为例,分析跨行政区政府与市场行为偏离社会公共性、跨域服务供求“双不足”、治理效果偏离最优状态等“两极失灵”困境;提出跨域治理是解决困境的路径选择,这可以促进跨域利益分享与成本分摊、降低跨域“碎片化”带来的高成本、化解跨域资源配置难题;并构建跨域治理的多中心整体联动治理机制模型,以落实跨域治理。     

昆山公益创投的困境与对策研究

近年来,我国各地政府都在开展公益创投实践以培育社会组织、供给公共服务,满足多样化与个性化的民众需求。昆山市率先在县级市层面开展了公益创投的实践,分析昆山公益创投的困境对未来县级市层面公益创投活动的开展有着重要的借鉴作用。     

Execution in an aggregator

An aggregator is a technology that consolidates liquidity—in the form of bid and ask prices and amounts—from multiple sources into a single unified order book to facilitate ‘best-price’ execution. It is widely used by traders in financial markets, particularly those in the globally fragmented spot currency market. In this paper, I study the properties of execution in an aggregator where multiple liquidity providers (LPs) compete for a trader’s uninformed flow. There are two main contributions. Firstly, I formulate a model for the liquidity dynamics and contract formation process, and use this to characterize key trading metrics such as the observed inside spread in the aggregator, the reject rate due to the so-called ‘last-look’ trade acceptance process, the effective spread that the trader pays, as well as the market share and gross revenues of the LPs. An important observation here is that aggregation induces adverse selection where the LP that receives the trader’s deal request will suffer from the ‘Winner’s curse’, and this effect grows stronger when the trader increases the number of participants in the aggregator. To defend against this, the model allows LPs to adjust the nominal spread they charge or alter the trade acceptance criteria. This interplay is a key determinant of transaction costs. Secondly, I analyse the properties of different execution styles. I show that when the trader splits her order across multiple LPs, a single provider that has quick market access and for whom it is relatively expensive to internalize risk can effectively force all other providers to join her in externalizing the trader’s flow thereby maximizing the market impact and aggregate hedging costs. It is therefore not only the number, but also the type of LP and execution style adopted by the trader that determines transaction costs.