Fostering knowledge sharing through people management practices

This paper focuses on the issue of knowledge sharing, one of the key mechanisms by which knowledge transfer can take place within organizations. The aim of the paper is to identify the people management practices that will be most effective in fostering knowledge sharing. We begin with a theoretical analysis of the socio-psychological aspects of knowledge-sharing behaviour in order to identify the variables that facilitate and encourage sharing. We also include a thorough review of the research to date on knowledge sharing and related behaviours. After identifying the factors expected to influence knowledge-sharing behaviour, we then proceed to detail the key people management practices that, according to theory and research, should be most effective in fostering knowledge sharing in organizations.     

轮任管理的动力机制建构

目前,轮任管理在部队院校人才培养方式的探索中遇到了困境。面对中队干部认识不高、学员参与度不高等现象,动力机制的建构成了一个亟须解决的现实问题。     

我国公职人员财产申报制度建立的文化困境研究

公职人员财产申报法律制度是预防官员腐败,促进阳光政府建立的重要制度。这项制度在我国启动20余年仍未立法,有政治、经济等多方面原因,而深层次原因是我国独特的文化困境：儒家文化性善论的认知传统,礼俗社会的政治取向,权力崇拜的心理特征,传统财富观的价值挑战。这些文化因素都深深影响了公职人员财产申报制度的建立与实施,而解困之路就是建设现代廉政文化。     

中国农业转型：困境和出路

农业、农村和农民问题的实质是农业转型问题,推动农业转型是解决＂三农＂问题的根本出路。中国农业已经取得重要成就,但目前仍处在困境中,关键是规模经营难以实现。为实现农业规模经营,需要采取鼓励农民工进城、企业家下乡、办家庭农场的形式和办法,从而逐步减少农业人口,实现农业化的工业化和现代化。     

Reciprocity Game

This paper shows that reciprocity comes from the desire to cooperate in finitely repeated prisoner's dilemma game. Before playing the finitely repeated prisoner's dilemma game, players choose the reciprocity level and commit to it, and the reciprocity level is public information. There are T equilibria if the prisoner's dilemma game is repeated for T periods, and each equilibrium is associated with different levels of cooperation. Further, if players choose their reciprocity levels sequentially, then the most cooperative equilibrium will be the unique equilibrium. However, reciprocity does not matter for the one‐period game and the infinitely repeated game.     

经典冷遇与文学理论教学的困境——基于一份问卷调查

文学经典构成了文学理论的基础,经典阅读是学习文学理论的前提。当前影视、网络等新型媒体改变了阅读的模式和内容,在大学生中,快速阅读和浅阅读盛行,具有一定深度和难度并需要沉潜涵泳的文学经典遭受普遍的冷遇,建立在经典之上的文学理论也受到影响,文学理论的教学遇到困境。时势的变化,要求必须做出有效的教学策略的调整。     

论“城市文化资本”的运作与青铜文化开发的困境

如何挖掘定在的文化资源，建设灵动的城市文化，加速城市文化资本的运作，发挥铜文化的最大作用，乃是铜陵“转型升级”的根本性议题。其中，铜文化实现资本化的主要困境，就是对青铜文化的再认识、再生产、再开发。     

Social motives in intergroup conflict: Group identity and perceived target of threat

We experimentally test the social motives behind individual participation in intergroup conflict by manipulating the perceived target of threat—groups or individuals—and the symmetry of conflict. We find that behavior in conflict depends on whether one is harmed by actions perpetrated by the out-group, but not on one׳s own influence on the outcome of the out-group. The perceived target of threat dramatically alters decisions to participate in conflict. When people perceive their group to be under threat, they are mobilized to do what is good for the group and contribute to the conflict. On the other hand, if people perceive to be personally under threat, they are driven to do what is good for themselves and withhold their contribution. The first phenomenon is attributed to group identity, possibly combined with a concern for social welfare. The second phenomenon is attributed to a novel victim effect. Another social motive—reciprocity—is ruled out by the data.     

Habit,prisoner's dilemma and Americans’ welfare cost of working much more than Europeans

Europeans work much less than Americans. Some studies claim this is due to Europe's high taxes and that Europeans would gain by adopting US tax rates and work time. I argue that Americans would gain by reducing work time to Europe's level. Due to historical experience, Europe is able to internalise work‐time‐related negative externalities by enacting restrictive work‐time policies, while the United States is not, resulting in a prisoner's dilemma equilibrium and “overworking trap.” A simple model and work‐time data are used to derive the US welfare gain from reducing work time to Europe's level. Findings are as follows: (i) parameter values are consistent with experimental results on own vs. other people's income value; (ii) the welfare gain's present value is between 80 and 120% of annual welfare; and (iii) a European policy that reduces work time excessively remains beneficial if the reduction is less than twice the optimal one.     

异质性研发与“生产率困境”——基于政府和市场调节效应的研究

基于生产率困境理论，运用2000~2017年中国30个省际数据，通过对实体经济技术效率的结构分解，分析异质性研发对实体经济持续性技术效率的影响以及政府和市场在其中的调节作用。研究发现：持续性技术效率增长停滞是制约实体经济总技术效率提升的主要原因，颠覆式创新对提高实体经济持续性技术效率存在抑制作用；渐进式创新对提升实体经济持续性技术效率有促进作用。要突破中国实体经济生产率困境，必须注重政府和市场对不同研发活动的互补效应，颠覆式创新更需要"有为政府"的大力支持，渐进式创新更注重"有效市场"的配置作用和"有限有为政府"的外部效应。