论经济与文化的耦合与发展

精神层面的文化对一国经济社会的发展特别重要。本文从经济学角度论述了精神层面的文化对于经济社会发展的重要意义,文化的特征,与市场经济相适应的文化、我国传统文化的特点等问题。论文认为对传统文化必须通过改造使之与社会主义市场经济相适应,而不是囫囵吞枣地接受。     

中国的劳动收入份额为什么趋于下降?——基于二元经济模型的观察与解释

新古典经济学的要素分配理论以劳动力是稀缺资源作为其前提假设,与我国二元经济条件下的现实情况存在较大差距,因而在分析我国劳动收入份额下降时解释力不足。文章修正了新古典经济学的劳动力稀缺要素假定,基于劳动力无限供给假定的二元经济模型和中国数据表现出的异质性特征,建立了一个分析二元经济中劳动收入份额影响因素的理论框架,并运用该理论框架解释了中国劳动收入份额趋降的原因,提出促进劳动密集型技术进步、提高人力资本禀赋、审慎干预劳动市场等方面的政策建议。     

异质机构、企业性质与自主创新

本文通过放松经理人市场的完全竞争性假定,拓展了经典职业生涯模型,藉此研究了中国制度背景下的机构持股、企业性质与企业创新的关系,并基于2004—2009年923家上市公司的数据,从R&D投入和专利申请两个维度对本文拓展模型的命题进行了实证检验。结果表明:(1)异质机构对企业创新有不同的影响,证券投资基金对企业创新有显著的负效应,这种负效应在国有企业中表现得更为明显;(2)民营企业中机构投资者持股促进了企业的创新活动,国有企业中机构投资者持股与企业创新呈显著的负相关关系;(3)机构投资者整体持股对全样本企业的专利申请有不显著的正效应,而对R&D投入则有显著的负效应。     

生态文明制度建设背景下的森林可持续经营：研究与展望

森林经营制度是《森林法》的基础性制度,而森林可持续经营的制度化则是生态文明制度建设的重要内容。在《森林法》修改中,森林经营理念、森林分类经营、森林采伐限额、森林经营方案编制与森林生态补偿等问题成为关注焦点。从建设＂美丽中国＂的时代要求来看,森林可持续经营是谱写＂美丽中国＂的森林篇章,其制度设计应当服从生态文明制度的整体设计。因此,实现森林的可持续经营,应当成为《森林法》修改的基本任务之一。     

非语言交际对利玛窦在华传教的影响

明末清初时期,利玛窦与中国士大夫的交往是其在华传教活动的重要组成部分,其中非语言因素在其成功交际中起着重要的作用。利玛窦利用服饰的变化表明自己的身份和立场,借用西洋器物传播西方先进的科技文明,通过著书立说的形式广结权贵,施展个人魅力笼络人心。利玛窦与中国士大夫阶层的紧密互动为其在中国传教奠定了基础并开创了新的格局。     

唐诗中的经济学——《卖炭翁》另解

文学作品来源于生活现实,不同时期的文学作品从各个不同的侧面记录了当时的社会经济面貌,唐诗作为中国古典文学的瑰宝,是中国古代经济不可忽略的研究对象。以白居易的名篇《卖炭翁》为例,可分析以长安为代表的唐代分工与交换的发展状况、货币制度、财产权和契约制度,并可根据基本的经济规律,推断出古代人民勤劳简朴,却难得温饱的经济学原因。     

Measuring the Level and Inequality of Wealth: An Application to China

We construct and compare three distinct measures of household asset wealth that complement traditional income‐ or expenditure‐based measures of socioeconomic status. We apply these measures to longitudinal household survey data from China and demonstrate that household asset wealth has been increasing over time, a theme consistent with many previous studies on the process of development in China. Unlike other studies that have shown rising income inequality over time, however, we show that asset wealth inequality has actually been declining in recent years, indicating widespread participation in the benefits of economic reforms. Furthermore, the evolution in the cumulative distribution of household welfare is such that social welfare has been increasing with the passage of time, despite rising inequality in the early years of the survey.     

Length of stay and economic consequences with rivaroxaban vs enoxaparin/vitamin K antagonist in patients with DVT and PE: findings from the North American EINSTEIN clinical trial program

Objective:

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) (deep vein thrombosis [DVT] and pulmonary embolism [(PE]) represents a substantial economic burden to the healthcare system. Using data from the randomized EINSTEIN DVT and PE trials, this North American sub-group analysis investigated the potential of rivaroxaban to reduce the length of initial hospitalization in patients with acute symptomatic DVT or PE.

Methods:

A post-hoc analysis of hospitalization and length-of-stay (LOS) data was conducted in the North American sub-set of patients from the randomized, open-label EINSTEIN trial program. Patients received either rivaroxaban (15?mg twice daily for 3 weeks followed by 20?mg once daily; n?=?405) or dose-adjusted subcutaneous enoxaparin overlapping with (guideline-recommended ‘bridging’ therapy) and followed by a vitamin K antagonist (VKA) (international normalized ratio?=?2.0–3.0; n?=?401). The open-label study design allowed for the comparison of LOS between treatment arms under conditions reflecting normal clinical practice. LOS was evaluated using investigator records of dates of admission and discharge. Analyses were carried out in the intention-to-treat population using parametric tests. Costs were applied to the LOS based on weighted mean cost per day for DVT and PE diagnoses obtained from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project dataset.

Results:

Of 382 patients hospitalized, 321 (84%), had acute symptomatic PE; few DVT patients required hospitalization. Similar rates of VTE patients were hospitalized in the rivaroxaban and enoxaparin/VKA treatment groups, 189/405 (47%) and 193/401 (48%), respectively. In hospitalized VTE patients, rivaroxaban treatment produced a 1.6-day mean reduction in LOS (median?=?1 day) compared with enoxaparin/VKA (mean?=?4.5 vs 6.1; median?=?3 vs 4), translating to total costs that were $3419 lower in rivaroxaban-treated patients.

Conclusion:

In hospitalized North American patients with VTE, treatment with rivaroxaban produced a statistically significant reduction in LOS. When treating DVT and PE patients, clinicians should consider newer anti-coagulants with less complex treatment regimens.     

浙江省科技型中小企业的产业发展特征与股权激励模式的选择

主要根据浙江省科技民营企业的产业发展特征，对实施企业股权激励机制的模式选择问题进行深入研究与探讨。首先，分析论述了企业产业发展特征对企业激励模式选择的影响；在此基础上，对浙江省科技民营企业实施股权激励机制几个理论问题进行分析与探讨。     

区域产业投资策略与区域产业结构趋同：锦标赛机制的视角

通过对地方官员晋升锦标赛进行建模,分析了各地区产业结构趋同的深层次原因。以经济绩效为主要标准的地方官员晋升选拔机制,直接影响各个互为竞争地区的地方官员的产业投资策略选择,进而导致区域产业结构趋同。模型结果显示,当两地区初始绩效无差异时,产业结构必然趋同。当初始绩效存在差异时,以两地区高利润产业绩效之间相关系数的临界值1/2为分界点：小于等于1/2时,区域产业结构必然趋同;大于1/2时,产业结构是否趋同则受初始绩效差异、高利润产业期望绩效与落后区域比较优势产业绩效差值以及两区域选择高利润产业的绩效相关系数三者间关系的影响。该相关系数可能代表着两区域所投资的同一产业内不同产品间的替代或互补关系。不能仅因产业投资方向上的趋同就认为产业结构存在严重趋同,还需要对产品结构是否趋同进行分析研判。