Institutions,resources, and internationalization of emerging economy firms

An important step in the internationalization process of emerging economy firms is the shift from exports to foreign direct investment (FDI). We integrate the resource- and institution-based views to suggest that firms that can use unique institutional advantages are more likely to make this shift. We test these arguments with a longitudinal sample of 28,563 firm-year observations (1989–2005). We found that firms that are affiliated with a business group, have more firm- and group-level international experience, have more technological and marketing resources, and operate in service industries are more likely to shift from exports to FDI.     

由家族信任到社会信任:家族企业走向职业化管理的必由之路

由于中国社会将信任建立在家族血缘关系上,社会信任普遍缺失,家族制就成为民营企业的唯一选择。民营企业要想走上职业化管理之路,打破家族信任、构建社会信任就成为必然选择。一方面,作为外部社会制度的供给者,政府应构建以法制为基础的社会信任机制;另一方面,作为内部企业制度的供给者,家族企业应建立健全各项内部制度,构筑委托代理双方的心理契约,使之形成长期稳定的信任模式。     

The impact of the net percentage growth rate in the number of small firms on differential state-level employment growth rates in the US: an exploratory empirical note

This brief exploratory empirical note seeks to identify key determinants of geographic differentials in the percentage growth rate of state-level employment in the US, with the primary focus being on the percentage net growth rate in the number of small firms (i.e., those with fewer than 20 employees) in each state, where this variable serves as a de facto reflection of ‘entrepreneurship’. In the interest of identifying other key factors that influence state-level employment growth rates, the effective income tax rate in each state, quality of life elements and labour market considerations are also included in the analysis. The study period runs from the year 2000 to the year 2007, ending just prior to the ‘Great Recession’. The estimation results imply that the state-level employment growth rate in the US was an increasing function of the percentage net growth rate in the number of small firms in each state. Thus, it appears that the small firms growth rate may in fact be a significant source.     

Export Expansion Process for Electronics:

This paper explores the changes in Hong Kong electronics manufacturing firms regarding the development of vertical channel integration as export marketing strategy. Analysis of data suggests that Hong Kong electronics manufacturers are increasingly utilizing foreign based channel intermediaries, and establishing internalized export departments and overseas sales offices to handle their export functions. in addition, a few cases of horizontal integration exist in the form of takeovers of Hong Kong manufacturing firms by multinationals from the United States, Japan, and the United Kingdom.     

浅谈会计人员职业道德

近年来随着市场经济的快速发展和会计改革的不断深入,在会计工作中,遇到了一些新的问题,由于会计人员职业道德意识淡薄、造成会计人员造假事件屡屡发生、致使会计信息失真的现象也越来越严重,给国家经济带来重大损失,因此,加强会计职业道德建设已势在必行。     

The use of flexible employment arrangements: some new evidence from Greek firms

The present study attempts an examination of the extent to which Greek firms use flexible employment arrangements, the kind of jobs in which they are used and the factors affecting their use. It concentrates on three types of flexible work: temporary workers, independent contractors and subcontractors. Drawing upon data from a sample of seventy-five companies, it identifies factors affecting: a) firm's decision to use flexible forms of work or not and b) the percentage of flexible workers used.

The main findings indicate that different types of flexible worker are used by the same firm for the accomplishment of different kinds of job and are affected by different factors. Training costs and monitoring problems appear to be the most influential factors explaining the use of temporary workers, while low frequency of specialized tasks is the main factor affecting the use of independent contractors and often the recourse to subcontractors. Results from the Greek national context would add to existing evidence on this important issue.     

What Prevents Firms from Advancing in their Environmental Strategy?

The aim of this paper is to analyze the determinants of the strategic environmental behavior of firms and, more specifically, the external and internal barriers that limit and sometimes even prevent the environmental adaptation. The analysis focuses on a sample of industrial firms that have at least three workers and that are located in Aragón, a region situated in the northeast of Spain. In order to achieve this objective, first the theoretical literature on the topic is reviewed. Subsequently, from the firms which were sampled, the existence of an underlying structure among the totality of barriers is studied. Finally, this structure is analyzed in order to determine if it has any influence on the degree of proactivity of the firm’s environmental strategy.

Bank soundness and bank lending to new firms during the global financial crisis

This paper examines how the soundness of financial institutions affected bank lending to new firms during the 2008 financial crisis by using a unique firm–bank match‐level dataset of 1,467 unlisted small and medium‐sized enterprises incorporated in Japan. We employ a within‐firm estimator that can control for unobserved firms’ demand for credit through firm ? time fixed effects. The major findings of this paper are the following four points. First, sounder financial institutions may be generally less likely to provide financing to new firms. Second, our results suggest that sounder financial institutions were less likely to provide loans to new firms during the 2008 financial crisis. Third, financial institutions were less likely to provide financing to new firms during such crisis as compared to those with the same soundness during non‐crisis periods. Finally, such lending relationships to new firms that are established during the financial crisis by sounder financial institutions are more likely to be continued than such lending by less sound financial institutions.     

涉外农业企业应对汇率风险的策略选择

基于有关文献的梳理,本文提出了一个汇率风险反应行为概念性模型,并通过对130家中国农业企业的调查发现,模型基本刻画了涉外企业应对汇率风险的一般行为模式,运营策略、财务策略、签约策略和贸易融资是涉外农业企业规避汇率风险的主要手段。同时,对农业企业应对汇率风险的效果进行了简要评价,总结了农业企业汇率风险反应行为的特点和趋势。在此基础上,对进一步的研究提出了展望。     

中国税收分类专业化管理探析

国际社会,特别是发达市场经济国家是税收专业化管理探索的先行者,税收分类专业化管理的国际启示为中国税收分类专业化管理探析提供了经验框架。作为后起步的转轨市场经济国家的中国,由于相关理论、经验指导的缺位,或认知的不到位,中国税收分类专业化管理探索之路异常艰辛,与国际规范仍有较大距离。因此,当以国际经验为座标,探寻中国税收分类专业化管理演进的方向和路径。