A Structural Decomposition Analysis of Pollution in the Netherlands

This paper reviews the results of a structural decomposition analysis in which the annual changes in a number of air pollutants and solid waste are decomposed according to their causes. The analysis in this paper is applied with the help of the so-called National Accounting Matrix including Environmental Accounts (NAMEA) for the Netherlands, covering annual data for the period 1987-1998. In a sensitivity analysis it is shown that the average of any pair of so-called 'mirror image' decomposition forms will substantially reduce the variation in the estimates. These mirror image couples are approximately just as reliable as the full average of all decomposition forms. Besides reliable results, the full average also foresees the mutual comparability between the distinguished change factors and is therefore applied in the empirical analyses presented in this paper. The results of these analyses contain the macro-economic developments, results on the industry level as well as a comprehensive overview of the origin and destination of pollution in the Dutch economy that includes the environmental consequences of consumption and international trade.     

项目挣值的绩效差异分析方法缺陷与解决方案

随着各种项目管理体制和方法的全面转型,我国需要借鉴和运用国际通行的项目挣值管理(EVM)绩效评估方法。然而,现有EVM绩效评估方法中存在着将实际多个项目要素影响简化为项目成本和进度两要素造成的绩效评估失真和信息缺失的实际问题与理论缺陷。本文将全面讨论现有的EVM方法,并给出有关解决方案及实务验证。     

Using data envelopment analysis approach to estimate the health production efficiencies in China

By using Data Envelopment Analysis approach, we treat the health production system in a certain province as a Decision Making Unit (DMU), identify its inputs and outputs, evaluate its technical efficiency in 1982, 1990 and 2000 respectively, and further analyze the relationship between efficiency scores and social-environmental variables. This paper has found several interesting findings. Firstly, provinces on frontier in different year are different, but provinces far from the frontier keep unchanged. The average efficiency of health production has made a significant progress from 1982 to 2000. Secondly, all provinces in China can be divided into six categories in terms of health production outcome and efficiency, and each category has specific approach of improving health production efficiency. Thirdly, significant differences in health production efficiencies have been found among the eastern, middle and western regions in China, and among the eastern and middle regions. At last, there is significant positive relationship between population density and health production efficiency but negative relationship (not very significant) between the proportions of public health expenditure in total expense and efficiency. Maybe it is the result of inappropriate tendency of public expenditure. The relationship between abilities to pay for health care services and efficiency in urban areas is opposite to that in rural areas. One possible reason is the totally different income and public services treatments between rural and urban residents. Therefore, it is necessary to adjust health policies and service provisions which are specifically designed to different population groups. __________ Translated from Jingji Yanjiu 经济研究 (Economic Research Journal), 2006, (7): 92–105     

基于分形理论的特大城市新型产业空间发展演变研究——以广州商务办公空间为例

本文借助分形理论和集中指数测算,从街道和均一分析单元两种空间尺度对广州办公业空间集中与分散的演变趋势进行了定量研究。研究结果表明,无论是在街道还是在均一分析单元层面,广州商务办公空间的空间分维值呈逐渐上升趋势,广州商务办公空间的集中程度逐年降低,办公空间的空间垄断性已不明显,空间分散化趋势得到了确立。但集中指数仍然处于较高的水平,表明广州商务办公空间虽然出现了分散的态势,但总体上仍然处于集中阶段。     

甘肃省城市化与生态环境耦合的量化分析

通过构建城市化综合指数和生态环境综合指数的指标体系,利用协调发展度模型,对甘肃省1990-2006年城市化与生态环境耦合演化的趋势进行量化分析。结果表明:甘肃省城市化指数和生态环境指数都呈线性增长,协调发展度指数也呈现一种线形的上升趋势。从城市化综合指数和生态环境综合指数曲线看出,2003年以前城市化发展滞后于生态环境建设,导致甘肃城市化与生态环境耦合协调一直以中低度协调为主。当城市化发展到一定阶段,生态环境也会有所改善,两者的耦合关系才会逐渐增强。     

市场化进程对地区工业经济发展的作用机理研究

本文采用1995-2003年中国大陆各省工业生产、市场消费和对外出口的有关数据，选择与非参数生产率指数测度方法结合的半对数线性Paneldata计量模型，研究了国内市场需求和国际市场需求对中国省际工业经济发展的影响，旨在揭示国内市场的一体化趋势和对外开放对区域经济差异化的作用机理。实证分析的结果表明，伴随国内市场一体化程度的提高，市场需求因素的拉动作用已呈现显著提高的态势，各地区工业经济的发展由分割的地方市场向一体化市场过渡，省际市场的贸易水平逐渐取代省内市场的贸易水平而成为了影响各地区工业经济发展的国内消费市场中的重要因素。     

简述杜邦分析体系的应用

在财务管理领域,杜邦财务分析体系,是一种非常优秀的财务管理工具。其中比较突出的特点,就是从净资产收益率出发,通过分析各主要财务比率指标间的内在有机联系,从而对企业的财务状况及经济效益做出综合全面的评价。不过在金融资本运作模式不断创新的今天,市场环境的变化深刻,杜邦财务分析体系日趋露出不足之处,使得传统的杜邦分析体系已不能完全满足对企业财务进行准确分析的要求。改进后的杜邦分析体系,在某些方面弥补了传统杜邦分析体系的不足。     

An environmental performance index for products reflecting damage costs

Several studies have demonstrated how to use DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) based techniques to estimate environmental performance indices. None of these studies, however, are taking information on the environmental damage costs of the pressure types considered into account. This study is bridging a gap between environmental indices founded in physical pressures and damage costs founded in welfare economics. The aim of the paper is twofold: first, to demonstrate how to implement the information on environmental damage costs within a DEA based environmental performance index, and second, to estimate these indices at product level by using Danish input-output data and environmental data from 1997.     

金融状况指数的理论设计及应用研究

考虑到当前金融状况指数（FCI）理论构建和指标选取存在的片面性,本文以产品市场均衡和货币市场均衡为切入点,提出将非人力财富比重作为重要因素纳入FCI的新观点。并针对每一个要素,均用验证性因素分析等方法从若干指标中筛选出代表性最佳的指标,再以VAR模型为赋权方法得到我国的FCI。通过与CPI的因果关联、动态分析以及与部分学者的研究成果进行比较,发现经过指标定量筛选后构建的FCI具有最佳经济效果,更符合中国现实。