Sustainability and Land tenure: Who owns the floodplain in the Pantanal,Brazil?

In seeking to achieve poverty alleviation and environmental conservation, public policy has often centred on guaranteeing land titles to local peoples. However, such approaches have brought unintended outcomes, replacing small-scale economies and natural areas by intensive exploitation of resources with no clear improvement in local people’s wellbeing. To understand this, we go beyond a general political ecology framing to consider relations between sustainability and land tenure, focusing on the intersection of economics, ecology and anthropology to understand how land tenure, property and use play out on the ground. We draw together different concepts including bundle of rights, de facto and de jure resource use, property regimes, density-dependence and non-equilibrium theory. The significance of this three-discipline view is illustrated through a case study of the Pantanal wetland, Brazil, where conservationists, the government and the local population contest ownership of the Paraguay River floodplain. Government sought to address conflicts around tenure and access through a narrow view of property, which failed to encompass the overlapping layers of land tenure, property and use on the ground and only served to create further legal battles. This article concludes that a more complex view combining the three perspectives is needed in the case of the Pantanal, and in other cases of contested property rights, in order to resolve conflicting claims and foster sustainability. We dissect both the power plays involved between different groups competing for control of a valuable resource, and the legal frameworks which can and should provide checks and balances in the system. The more nuanced grasp that emerges of local systems of tenure and access, of how these diverge from western property concepts, and of their environmental implications favours a better understanding of local realities, allowing for better management policy and consequently contributing more effectively towards poverty alleviation and environmental protection.     

集体林权制度改革的经济学分析

运用新制度经济学与微观经济学相关理论分析了中国集体林权制度存在交易成本极高、"搭便车"行为、"败德"行为、"少数派"侵占"多数派"利益、不能满足林农个体偏好多样性等经济缺陷,而集体林权制度改革能够克服上述经济缺陷,具有对林业经营主体进行激励与约束、将林业负外部性内在化、改变林业资源配置方式和提高配置效率等经济功能,并提出了实现其经济功能的途径:通过完善林权的排他性、可分割性、可转让性和安全性使林农拥有真正的私人产权;同时取消对商品林的采伐限额制度。     

盘活我国农村闲置宅基地的策略研究

本文紧紧围绕农村宅基地闲置问题,在深入分析农村宅基地闲置带来的困境以及造成宅基地闲置的原因的基础上,提出了盘活农村闲置宅基地的策略：近期,在现有法律框架内,通过合理制定并严格落实村镇规划等措施逐步盘活农村闲置宅基地;远期,通过完善农村宅基地管理制度等措施,彻底盘活农村闲置宅基地。     

并购对价与融资方式选择:控制权转移与风险承担——基于吉利并购沃尔沃的案例分析

并购对价和融资方式是实现公司控制权转移的支付手段和资金保证,不同的对价和融资方式反映了不同的控制权转移风险。本文以吉利并购沃尔沃为主线,分析并购对价方式和融资方式的影响因素及其对并购整合的影响。本文研究的启示是,相对现金对价,股票对价和混合对价可使并购双方共同分担海外并购风险。在外部融资选择中,除银行贷款、债券或股票融资外,利用海外并购项目的号召力,引进政府资源,实现以项目换资金,对于规避并购融资风险具有重要意义。     

水源地生态保护中发展权损失补偿研究

利用机会成本法,通过计算农地的经济价值,测算了水源地第一产业的发展权损失;通过对比参照区与水源地的工业增加值增长速度,估计了水源地第二产业的发展权损失;通过计算水源地旅游业的机会损失,测算了水源地第三产业的发展权损失;分析了水源地发展权损失生态补偿中的资金补偿、实物补偿、政策补偿和产业补偿的优劣势。旨在为建立水源地生态补偿机制提供借鉴。     

农地流转多重主体博弈分析—兼论农户权益保障

土地流转是实现农业规模化、集约化发展的必经之路.农地流转是多重主体利益博弈的结果.在转入方、转出方、中介机构和政府的多方博弈中,农户处于弱势地位,其土地权益难以保障.应构建合理的农户权益保障机制,约束企业、政府不合理的利益扩张行为,使土地流转博弈框架回归“帕累托优化”均衡.     

基于收益还原法的住宅用地使用权续期定价模式研究

本文以土地使用费的内涵分析为切入点,运用马克思地租理论分析了我国土地定价的发展历程和趋势;以此为基础,从制度层面提出了城镇住宅用地使用权续期定价模式的框架,并以此为依据,着重分析了收益还原法在住宅用地使用权续期定价中的运作过程,为土地使用权续期定价体系的完善与发展提供了新的思路与方法。     

Land-property markets and planning: A special case

Land use policy often intervenes in land-property markets. This raises a question that may have critical implications for land use policy: are these normal markets? This paper addresses that question: are land and property ordinary market goods, or do they lack some of the preconditions necessary for markets to work properly? We find that land-property has limited substitutability, due to the critical factor of location; qualified by location, land is limited and sometimes unique. These attributes make land and property investment assets risking speculation, warranting public intervention to mitigate negative social consequences. Land-property markets need market or administrative support to work, which planning provides through public and private agents. The paper reviews the different forms of planning and development control in land-property markets.     

女性土地权益保障的私法命题

研究目的:真正地实现女性土地权益保障的法治命题。研究方法:用法律社会学的研究方法对女性土地权益易流失进行分析。研究结果:中国集体土地资源的身份化配置、家庭财产的性别化配置和农地流转的再分配配置必然造成女性的土地权益极易被剥夺。研究结论:中国现行的土地立法重行政管理而欠缺民法赋权色彩,为集体和家庭剥夺女性土地权益提供了制度保障,因而需要对其进行私法化改造。     

林业收储在林权抵押贷款信用风险控制中作用研究

研究采用担保理论,通过实地考察福建省林业收储运作情况获取资料,基于控制林权抵押贷款信用风险的视角研究林业收储的作用;指出林权是林权抵押贷款关键的信用风险因素,但是,存在安全性与流动性风险等问题;介绍了林业收储运作流程并讨论了林业收储控制林权抵押贷款信用风险的路径,认为林业收储降低了抵押林权的真实性与变现性风险;指出林业收储存在过于依赖财政拨款、规模较小与缺乏合理的保值增值机制等局限性,林业收储无法从根本上化解林权抵押贷款中尚存在的抵押林权的安全性、流动性等风险;提出引入社会资本,建立政府财政收购机制,优化林权抵押贷款生态环境等建议。