跨组织视角下的营销渠道治理:制度环境的影响(英文)

营销渠道研究是营销研究的一个重要组成部分。随着市场中竞争性环境的变化以及营销理论的发展,营销渠道研究的关注点从强调效率和利益转向强调权力和冲突,进而转向联网以及关系和联盟。在研究渠道治理过程方面,以往的营销渠道研究大多采用以效率为基础的任务环境视角,而在很大程度上忽视了以合理性为基础的制度环境方法。本文提出,营销渠道从本质上说是一种制度安排和跨组织关系。因此,企业在治理营销渠道时,必须关注其决策和行为的接受度与认可度。本文先是回顾了营销渠道治理和跨组织关系方面的理论与研究,进而从中吸收有价值的观点,提出了理论框架和一些命题,并通过两则案例研究进行解释和检验。     

Editorial: Purchasing and innovation: Past,present and future of the field of research

This paper introduces the special topic forum (STF) on purchasing and innovation. Presenting the findings from a systematic literature review, we take stock of the current state of the field, delineating themes, theories and methods, and identifying key trends over time. Our study shows a take-off in research on purchasing and innovation during the last decade. This has predominantly focused on private sector manufacturing firms although a recent expansion into public sector research is evident. Large-scale surveys and case studies are still the dominant research methods where the unit of analysis is typically the ‘firm’ or ‘project’. The findings also show how in the past the field was driven by questions on how purchasing can facilitate different types of innovation projects, seeking to derive practical implications, and rarely making explicit statements regarding theories applied; this still characterises much of the research but we find an increasing focus on theory development. We also see a shift in the type of technological innovation being investigated: past studies tended to focus on the role of purchasing in new product development (NPD) projects, which reflected a relatively low degree of technological uncertainty, but we see a trend towards innovation projects facing technological uncertainty. Research shows how this requires new ways of sourcing innovations and therefore new ways for purchasing to facilitate innovation sourcing. On the basis of the review, we offer our guidance for future research avenues to 1) carry out more research on procurement of innovation in the public sector; 2) consider new theories and research methods, and 3) go beyond firm-level or dyadic analysis to research networks and ecosystems. We conclude by introducing the papers in the STF.     

转型时期公共财权资本化风险:一个理论分析框架

基于复杂和失范的转型时期制度环境,本文运用公共财权资本化风险这个学术新概念,重点剖析了广义公共财权资本化风险的核心内涵、生成条件、外部影响、诱发因素以及路径控制机制,初步构建了转型时期公共财权资本化风险问题的理论分析框架。本文的分析表明,财政收支失范是表象,公共财权滥用才是根本。作为一种特殊的权力存在形态,公共财权资本化风险的孕育、生成及其扩张具有明显的负外部效应,主要包括政府公信力的消减效应、经济资源的耗散效应、利益群体的分化效应以及价值观念的溃散效应。在一定程度上讲,公共财权资本化风险意味着公共权力蜕变成了资本权力,权力主体也主动或被动地被额外租金所"俘获"。基于转轨时期公共财权资本化风险本身的隐蔽性、复杂性和危害性,防范公共财权资本化风险客观上需要采取渐近与倒逼双重改革机制,构建制度内外用力、"软""硬"兼施的系统控制机制。     

Material power and normative conflict in global and local agrifood governance: The lessons of ‘Golden Rice’ in India

This special section aims to investigate the interaction of global and local forces in shaping agrifood governance. It starts from the recognition that a multitude of actors and norms shape today’s agrifood system. The resulting opaqueness of the systems makes it extremely difficult to understand and explain processes and outcomes of agrifood governance. Given the sustainability challenges facing the agrifood system, improvements in our understanding of what the interaction of global and local actors and norms means on the ground are urgently needed, however. The section, therefore, analyses agrifood governance in India across a selected group of cases. It does so by employing a systematic framework emphasizing the material and ideational dimensions of power and their interaction. The section has chosen India as the setting in which to analyze this interaction due to the crucial role the food demand and supply of this rising power plays in today’s agrifood system. This article provides the special sections’ analytical framework, which uses the interplay of material and ideational dimensions of power as a focal lens. In addition, the article applies this framework to an empirical study of the political conflict around GMO foods in India, specifically the case of ‘Golden Rice’.     

应对政府投资建设项目材料设备采购风险的措施及办法

政府投资建设项目材料设备采购风险主要有七种,就此提出应对措施。     

How responsive are charitable donors to requests to give?

People are more likely to contribute to a charity when they are asked to. Although this so-called ‘power of asking’ is well-known among fundraisers, the existing literature does not pay much attention to the role of donation requests in charitable giving. This paper uses a unique survey that includes a question on whether the respondent is asked to give to estimate the causal effects of charitable solicitations on giving behavior. In order to address the endogeneity of the donation requests due to non-random solicitation of charitable donors, I link this survey to IRS data on charitable organizations and propose identifying instruments. After controlling for the endogeneity, I find that donation requests increase the propensity to give by about nineteen percentage points for those who are asked to give. This effect is robust under different specifications and with different sets of instruments, and is much larger than the estimates from univariate models, which assume that charitable solicitations are exogenous. I argue that this result is counterintuitive and discuss some possible explanations.     

一种新型有源滤波器谐波电流检测方法研究

文章首先介绍了独立电源系统的特点，并阐述了独立电源系统有源滤波器谐波和无功电流的补偿原理。而后，根据独立电源系统的特点，提出了一种新型的谐波电流检测方法，通过与传统的瞬时无功功率理论和快速傅里叶变换提取谐波方法相比，该方法计算简单、准确度好、实现方便，具有较大的优越性，并在实际的有源滤波器装置中得到了较好的应用，表明该方法是正确和有效的。     

川东北地区线路铁塔岩石嵌固式基础应用浅析

四川盆地东北部地区,地形按地貌单元划分:主要为丘陵、低山～低中山。区内地层主要有第四系耕地层、残坡积粉质粘土层、冲洪积层(Q)、侏罗系(J)、白垩系(K)、三叠系(T)等砂岩～泥岩、灰岩,而以砂岩～泥岩、灰岩为主。线路铁塔岩石嵌固式基础在该区域内的大量应用,有不错的经济、环境、社会效益,同时,也是资源节约型、环境友好型—两型三新输电线路在工程实践中的具体应用。     

Quality management practices and their relationship to buyer’s supplier ratings: a study in the Korean automotive industry

This research explores if quality management practices are different among suppliers whose performance is rated high, medium, or low by a common buying company and identifies which specific practices contribute to the differences. The entire population of first-tier suppliers to a Korean auto assembler was surveyed to measure use of quality management practices. Useable returns were received from 25% of the suppliers surveyed. To measure conformance quality and overall rating, suppliers were categorized into high, medium, and low performing groups based on the buying company’s data. Multivariate analysis of variance was done using general linear model (GLM-MANOVA) to explore differences in the high-, medium-, and low-performing supplier groups based on their use of quality management practices. No statistically significant differences were found when suppliers were categorized based on conformance quality. However, when categorized based on overall rating, the highest rated suppliers were found to emphasize process management and employee satisfaction to a greater degree than the lowest rated suppliers.     

Purchasing power parity in transition countries: Old wine with new bottle

This study questions whether the long-run purchasing power parity (PPP) holds in the transition economies (Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romanian, and Russia) for the period from January 1995 to October 2011. We employ the Sequential Panel Selection Method (SPSM) procedure using the Panel KSS unit root test with a Fourier function, a novel approach to panel unit root testing. The SPSM approach classifies the whole panel into a group of stationary and non-stationary series and is able to account for structural breaks, nonlinearity, and cross-section dependence. The results indicate that the PPP holds true for more than half of these transition countries studied, with the exception of Hungarian, the Czech Republic and the Russia. The findings have important policy implications for the transition countries.