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111.
In this article we provide a review of current capacity management approaches applicable to hospitality and tourism enterprises. While many of the traditional methodologies involve closed-form analytical calculations, newer methods have been developed that address more complex problems. These more recent methods include the creative use of mixed models such as those that integrate visitor-preference and operations-research models, linear programming, and simulation models. We consider the full range of methodologies, the advantages and disadvantages, and potential applications to both physical and human capacity estimation. We highlight the ways that various leisure industries can benefit from different approaches to capacity management. 相似文献
112.
Robert A. Jarrow 《Finance Research Letters》2013,10(4):151-156
Unconventional monetary policy tools are based on the belief that there exists a zero-lower bound on interest rates. This paper argues, based on economic theory and the empirical evidence, that this belief is a myth and not a reality. It is shown that a negative default-free spot rate of interest is consistent with an arbitrage-free term structure evolution in a competitive and nearly frictionless market. It is not frictionless to the extent that consumers, firms, non-bank financial institutions, and banks have some realistic constraints imposed on their trading activities. 相似文献
113.
The methodologies and assumptions in financial integration studies are problematic and may lead to spurious empirical results. Using surrogate data analysis and the mutual prediction method of testing for nonlinear interdependence, it is feasible for an analyst, with a scant knowledge of the underlying dynamics of two dynamical systems, to show whether or not the systems are interdependent. This study applies these techniques in testing for nonlinear interdependence of three Chinese stock markets: Shanghai, Shenzhen, and Hong Kong. The empirical results of the present study indicate that the stock market series are nonlinear and that the Chinese stock exchanges are nonlinearly interdependent. Specifically, the evidence indicates that Shanghai and Shenzhen markets are bi-directionally interdependent, while Shanghai and Hong Kong as well as Shenzhen and Hong Kong markets are unidirectionally interdependent, with the direction of interdependence going from the mainland's markets to the Hong Kong market. 相似文献
114.
Price jumps are mostly related to investor reactions to unexpected extreme news. We perform an event study of price movements after jumps to analyse if investors’ reactions are affected by psychological biases. We employ recent non-parametric methods based on intraday returns to separate large price movements that are related to unexpected news from those merely caused by periods of high volatility. In general, we find evidence for irrational pricing, which can be associated with investors’ optimistic behavior in a bull market and the pessimism prevailing in a bear market. Furthermore, our analysis confirms the conjecture that small firms are more subject to speculative trading than large firms. 相似文献
115.
We study model-driven statistical arbitrage in US equities. Trading signals are generated in two ways: using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) or regressing stock returns on sector Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs). In both cases, the idiosyncratic returns are modelled as mean-reverting processes, which leads naturally to ‘contrarian’ strategies. We construct, back-test and compare market-neutral PCA- and ETF-based strategies applied to the broad universe of US equities. After accounting for transaction costs, PCA-based strategies have an average annual Sharpe ratio of 1.44 over the period 1997 to 2007, with stronger performances prior to 2003. During 2003–2007, the average Sharpe ratio of PCA-based strategies was only 0.9. ETF-based strategies had a Sharpe ratio of 1.1 from 1997 to 2007, experiencing a similar degradation since 2002. We also propose signals that account for trading volume, observing significant improvement in performance in the case of ETF-based signals. ETF-strategies with volume information achieved a Sharpe ratio of 1.51 from 2003 to 2007. The paper also relates the performance of mean-reversion statistical arbitrage strategies with the stock market cycle. In particular, we study in detail the performance of the strategies during the liquidity crisis of the summer of 2007, following Khandani and Lo [Social Science Research Network (SSRN) working paper, 2007]. 相似文献
116.
采用probit回归模型、线性回归模型以及引入工具变量的robust检验,对土地市场中开发商行贿的可能进行定量判断,研究发现:1.开发商行贿与其支付能力和拒绝能力的强弱分不开,支付能力与拒绝能力的组合,伴随着开发商对成本——收益的理性权衡,从而出现行贿的概率变化和程度变化;2.开发商行贿植根于土地市场政府管制的特定环境,政府管制使开发商行贿成为必然,而且管制的范围、官员自由裁量权的大小左右着贿金的金额和开发商的未来收益。 相似文献
117.
118.
养老金投资监管模式分析比较 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
养老金投资监管可分为谨慎人规则(Prudent Person Rule)和数量限制监管(Quantitative Portfolio Regulation,or Draconian Regulation)两种模式,两种监管模式的不同特点主要体现在监管理念和侧重点不同、实践中的适应性和灵活性不同及其赖以生存的规制环境不同等方面。谨慎人规则是行为导向的监管,体现“效率监管”理念,及对受托人行为的规范。数量限制监管体现“安全监管”理念,监管执行简便、易于操作。从各国实践来看,监管模式的选择取决于其赖以存在的规制环境,包括法制环境、资本市场、养老金治理结构、投资监管体系、监督报告、信息披露制度等。为实现养老金安全、收益的平衡,大多数国家的监管模式体现出一种混合状态,即兼具谨慎人规则与数量限制监管的特点。 相似文献
119.
美国2007年年底开始大幅下调利率,2009年以来又采取了量化宽松的货币政策。与此同时,世界各国,尤其是新兴市场和发展中经济体发生了严重的通货膨胀。虽然美国的宽松货币政策确实提高了2008年以来的通货膨胀率,但是却不能解释新兴市场和发展中经济的通货膨胀普遍高于发达经济体的事实。高通胀的原因仍然在于各国国内的高货币供给。 相似文献
120.
通过对乙醇罐区的危险特性进行分析,指出乙醇的事故后果主要为池火灾、蒸气云爆炸、沸腾液体扩展为蒸气爆炸;给出了乙醇事故后果的定量模拟分析的数学模型,同时进行了实例模拟,对指导乙醇贮罐区的总体布局、贮罐区安全设计、贮罐区危险性分析及事故预防措施均有一定参考价值。 相似文献