河北省大中型工业企业R＆D活动绩效的省际比较

采用数据包络分析方法，就河北省大中型工业企业R＆D活动的效率情况与东中部地区的其他省份进行了对比分析。结果表明，2003年-2005年间，河北省工业企业R＆D效率在逐步提高，但仍低于东部平均水平，且对中部地区的优势在缩小；河北省工业企业R＆D效率低下的原因主要在于技术无效而非规模无效。     

Road Taxes,Road User Charges and Earmarking

The UK Road Fund was set up in 1921 and financed by earmarked taxes, but was unsuccessful as a form of road finance and abandoned in 1937. The paper examines why earmarking failed and what problems arise for replacing road taxes by hypothecated road charges. These charges would need to be regulated and could evolve into a more efficient system of road pricing. The paper claims that recent experiences with regulating capital-intensive network industries make road user charging and the commercialisation of the public highway both feasible and desirable, but that recent government proposals for local earmarked taxes are inadequate.     

INTEGRATING THE HISTORIOGRAPHY OF THE NINETEENTH-CENTURY GOLD RUSHES

In the century preceding World War I, the world experienced a series of gold rushes. The wealth derived from these was distributed widely because of reduced migration costs and low barriers to entry. While gold mining itself was generally unprofitable for diggers and mine owners, the increase in the world's gold supply stimulated global trade and investment. In this introductory article we integrate the histories of migration, trade, colonisation, and environmental history to identify endogenous factors that increased the world's gold supply and generated sustained economic growth in the regions that were affected by gold rushes.     

THE GRAPE PHYLLOXERA PLAGUE AS A NATURAL EXPERIMENT: THE UPKEEP OF VINEYARDS IN CATALONIA (SPAIN), 1858–1935

This paper analyses the impact in Catalonia of the grape Phylloxera plague in Europe (1865–90). A statistical model is used to analyse the economic resilience of 35 districts in Catalonia to this external ecological and economic shock, and to explain why districts in the provinces of Barcelona and Tarragona resumed growing wine grapes after the plague, in contrast to districts in Girona and Lleida provinces. The opportunity cost of labour, the demand pull of Barcelona's commercial growth, and the agro-climatic suitability of land for growing grapes are used to explain the differing capacities of districts to endure the Phylloxera plague in Catalonia.     

R平方和噪声交易

本文采用中国证券市场的数据,研究了R平方和噪声交易的关系。采用小单子作为噪声交易的指标,采用未来盈余反应系数来作为价格中信息含量的指标,我们通过行业配对方法实证检验了R平方和噪声的关系。我们发现噪声交易对R平方有负向作用。该结果对于不同的信息指标、不同的样本和对于小单子不同的标准稳健,而R平方和价格中信息含量的关系并不支持Durnev等(2003)的结论。     

Dynamic modeling of regional house price diffusion in Taiwan

This paper examines the lead-lag relationships and the dynamic linkages among four regional house price indices in Taiwan. We employ the Johansen cointegration technique, Toda and Yamamoto’s Granger causality test, the generalized impulse response approach, and variance decomposition analysis to find out the extent and the magnitude of their relationships. The estimated long-run relationship between regional house prices appears to have remained stable throughout the sample period. Our empirical results show a bidirectional relationship between house prices in the most important economic center, Taipei City, and its suburban area, Taipei County. However, there are no causalities of house prices between Taipei City and other megacities in Taiwan. The mutual impacts of the shocks between house prices in Taipei City and Taipei County are significantly positive, while these impacts on Kaohsiung City, far from Taipei City, are insignificant. Finally, the results of the generalized impulse response approach indicate that the house prices indices of Taipei City are the most exogenous while those for Taipei County are the most endogenous.     

LOGISTICS COSTS IN SOUTH AFRICA – THE CASE FOR MACROECONOMIC MEASUREMENT

In South Africa, logistics optimisation is largely managed from a microeconomic perspective. This paper makes the case for macroeconomic logistics measurement, presents the results of the country's national logistics cost model and proposes the first key macroeconomic logistics indicators for South Africa. The research shows that South Africa's logistics costs are higher than the global average. The majority of these costs are attributable to road transport, of which the biggest cost driver is fuel, which in turn is determined by volatile oil prices. This poses a significant exogenous risk to logistics cost management in South Africa. The risk can be mitigated through a structural adjustment in long‐distance freight transport (from road dominated to rail dominated). The paper concludes by proposing two key macroeconomic logistics indicators to facilitate this process.     

‘METALLIC NERVES’: SAN FRANCISCO AND ITS HINTERLAND DURING AND AFTER THE GOLD RUSH

As the gateway to the Californian goldfields, San Francisco experienced a demographic shock that had a lasting impact on its economy. Some writers see San Francisco's growth as having a parasitic influence on the city's hinterland through the anti-competitive behaviour of some corporations and the destruction of natural resources. I argue that San Francisco generated more productive external effects through the formation of human and social capital in the city itself, and by investment in further resource development elsewhere in California.     

俄罗斯研发投入述评

俄罗斯对研发的投入分国家预算资金投入、企业部门投入、国外资金投入和其它投入，业已形成成熟的研发投资机制。在联邦专项计划的框架下，俄政府更加注重创新基础设施发展、科研成果商业化机制建设、优秀科学流派的扶持和科技人才问题的解决。联邦政府还采取多种措施吸引预算外资金，鼓励工业、企业界等资助研发。与世界发达国家相比较，俄对研发投入的结构性特点是政府投入的比重在国内研发支出中占主导地位。