小麦期货市场价格波动与到期效应的实证研究

通过对小麦期货市场期货品种收益率的分布与波动性进行实证分析,论证其时间序列存在ARCH效应;运用ARMA-GARCH模型对小麦期货品种进行了拟合分析和统计检验,结果表明小麦期货品种的波动性具有很高的持续性。通过添加到期时间的哑变量,可以证明大多数小麦期货合约存在到期效应。     

从经济理性到有限理性:经济学研究理性假设的演变

"经济理性"是经济学的传统研究假设,却因背离现实而受到质疑.基于行为人稀缺的心理资源和系统固有的不确定性而产生的"有限理性"正逐步取代"经济理性"成为经济学研究的理性假设.不同的理性观点可以从决策的视角得到系统地解释和比较.并且,随着理性假设的演变,经济行为的决策标准也相应从单一静态最优向多元动态平衡转变.     

The Case of the Missing Pollution Haven Hypothesis

One particularly vexing puzzle for economists and policymakers over the past several decades concerns the empirical significance of the theoretically predicted pollution haven hypothesis. While neoclassical theory and conventional wisdom both surmise that local economies will suffer deleterious effects from stricter environmental regulations, empirical studies have largely failed to validate such claims. This study utilizes the method of matching to show that the impact of stricter regulation is heterogeneous spatially, varying systematically based on location-specific attributes. Previous studies that assume a homogenous response may therefore inadvertently mask the overall impact of more stringent regulations by pooling unaffected and affected regions.JEL Classification: Q25, Q28, H00, L51, R1The authors wish to thank to Michael Crew, Anthony Heyes, an anonymous referee, Werner Antweiler, Randy Becker, Wayne Gray, Shelby Gerking, Michael Greenstone, Vern Henderson, and Arik Levinson. Participants at various university seminars and conferences also lent useful insights to this line of research.     

Price discrimination and efficient matching

This paper considers the problem of a monopoly matchmaker that uses a schedule of entrance fees to sort different types of agents on the two sides of a matching market into exclusive meeting places, where agents randomly form pairwise matches. We make the standard assumption that the match value function exhibits complementarities, so that matching types at equal percentiles maximizes total match value and is efficient. We provide necessary conditions and sufficient conditions for the revenue-maximizing sorting to be efficient. These conditions require the match value function, modified to incorporate the incentive cost of eliciting private type information, to exhibit complementarities in types.JEL Clalssification Numbers C7, D4We thank Jonathan Levin, Tracy Lewis, and the seminar audience at University of California at Los Angeles, University of British Columbia, Duke University, and 2003 Econometric Society North American Summer Meeting for comments and suggestions. We are also grateful for helpful suggestions from the referees and the Editor     

西方现代股利政策理论的演进与评价

股利政策是个谜。四十多年来,西方财务学者分别从不同的角度、运用不同的方法对股利政策进行了大量的理论和实证研究。本文对此进行了较为系统和全面的回顾与评述。早期股利理论研究主要集中在股利政策与股票价格是否有关的研究上,其观点主要有在手之鸟理论和股利无关论。20世纪八十年代后,股利之争主要集中在股利为什么会引起股票价格变化,其观点有追随者效应、信号理论、代理学说和行为学派等。虽然这些学派的观点在不同程度上还存在一些缺点,但它们改变了传统理论的思维方式和分析方法,极大地扩展了财务学的研究视野,从而使股利政策研究在“量”和“质”上均产生了很大的飞跃。     

基于信息化社会会计假设的反思

随着网络技术的发展与应用,对财务会计提出了挑战,有学者认为,传统的财务会计假设已不再适用。本文认为,信息化只是在一定程度上影响了会计假设,并没有改变会计假设的实质,会计假设在会计理论和会计实务中的地位并未发生实质性的动摇。采用实时报告系统,能够有效解决信息化对会计分期假设和持续经营假设的影响。     

既有结构可靠度的模糊算法

基于结构抗力和荷载效应的不确定性，提出了一种既有结构工程可靠度的模糊算法。该方法利用模糊算法可以反映客观事物因素的层次性，又便于比较和考虑各层次中诸因素作用的大小以决定可靠度。算例结果表明该方法简单实用，其模型可以很好地拟合真实的极限状态函数，是解决既有结构体系可靠度问题的有效方法。     

对西方主流宏观经济学均衡假定的反思——从凯恩斯主义的投资恒等于储蓄说起

自从凯恩斯的《通论》出版以来,宏观经济学就逐渐成为一个比较系统而相对独立的学科,后人将凯恩斯的短期经济增长模型进一步长期化为外生和内生经济增长理论.纵观主流宏观经济学的理论构建,几乎都有一个共同的假设:市场能够自动实现均衡,但是,正是这个假设将西方主流宏观经济学引入了歧途.对于原凯恩斯主义、新古典综合派、新凯恩斯主义、哈罗德-多马的古典经济增长理论和索洛的新古典增长理论、新古典宏观经济学派而言,它都是一个难以回避的硬伤.     

On the forecastability of share prices on the Viennese stock exchange

In this paper the Viennese stock exchange data are analysed by using ARMA and GARCH technology. After using AIC and BIC for estimating the linear structure of the time series, to the resulting innovations a GARCH(1,1) model is fit. The resulting residuals are then tested for serial independence and constancy of its distribution to check whether the models are reasonable. Main result is that the residuals of this ARMA-GARCH(1,1)-model are reasonably iid (which is checked by BDS and classical independence tests) for index data and significantly less well-behaved for stock data. Second, there is considerable autocorrelation in the data (especially in the Viennese indices WBK and ATX) which can be exploited even with 1.25% transaction costs (which is checked by a posteriori analysis of a strategy which exploits an underlying time-varying AR(1) model), however, much higher profit can be made with 0.5% transaction costs. Furthermore, the same techniques are applied to US Standard & Poor 500 index and the results for both data sets are compared giving the result that the US-market looks much more mature than the Viennese one.Financial Support by the Institute for Advanced Studies, Vienna, and the Fonds zur Förderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung, Vienna, Grant P 9176 is gratefully acknowledged. This paper is a slightly abbreviated version of the Research Report No. 135 by the same authors (see References), which contains many detailed plots of the results.     

股票价格均值回归理论研究综述

随机漫步理论认为股票的价格是不能预测的,许多实证检验的结果也支持了这一结论。但是,近年来均值回归理论对随机漫步理论提出了挑战。从长期来看,股票价格呈均值回归是必然的;均值回归具有不对称性;政府行为对股票的均值回归具有一定的影响。